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摘要：近年来，触摸屏技术在信息家电、公共信息查询、通信和办公自动化等领域的应用越来越广。本文利用触摸屏、AVR单片机和液晶屏搭建了一个人机界面系统。以ATmega16作为系统的MCU，四线电阻式触摸屏作为系统的触摸感应器件，HS12864-1作为系统的终端显示液晶屏。文章着重介绍以AVR为核心的触摸屏和LCD的应用，包括触摸信号采集、数据处理、LCD显示控制、串口通信等。通过AVR单片机对触摸屏信号的采集和计算，获得触摸点在触摸屏幕上的坐标，根据不同的坐标获取液晶屏上相应的显示内容，并利用8条并行数据线将显示的内容送至LCD显示。当LCD液晶屏被刷新后会进入相应的显示界面，最终实现人机界面系统的设计。同时，通过AVR单片机提供的串口，将数据以串行的方式发送给PC机或其他嵌入式系统，实现本设计的系统扩展。

关键词：触摸屏；AVR单片机；人机交互
 
The Touch-Screen Man-Machine Interface System Design and Implementation Based on the AVR Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract：Recently, the touch-screen technology was used widely in the information appliances, and public information inquiries, communications and office automation and other areas. This dissertation built a human-machine interface system by using Touch-screen, AVR single-chip microcomputer and LCD screen. The system uses the ATmega16 as the MCU, 4-line resistance touch screen as the touch-sensitive device and the HS12864-1 as the terminal LCD screen. The work focused on introducing the applications of touch-screen based on AVR and LCD, such as the touch signal acquisition, data processing, LCD Display Control, serial communications and so on. Touch-screen signals are collected and calculated through the AVR single-chip microcomputer for acquiring the coordinates of points on the touch screen and various coordinates are used to get the corresponding contents displayed on the LCD screen, and the contents will be transmitted to the LCD display using eight parallel lines. The corresponding interface will be displayed when the LCD screen is updated, and the design of human-machine interface system will be finished. Meanwhile, the data is sent to PC computer or other embedded system through the serial port provided by AVR single-chip microcomputer to accomplish the system expansion of the design.

Key words: touch-screen, AVR single-chip microcomputer, man-machine interactive
 
目    录
第1章  绪  论 1
1.1  课题背景 1
1.2  触摸屏技术的应用及意义 1
1.3  课题内容和本人主要工作 2
第2章  方案论证 3
2.1  引言 3
2.2  系统设计思路 3
2.3  触摸屏选择 4
2.3.1  电阻式 4
2.3.2  电容感应式 5
2.3.3  红外线式 5
2.3.4  表面声波式 5
2.4  MCU选择 6
2.4.1  51系列单片机 6
2.4.2  AVR系列单片机 7
2.5  通信接口选择 7
2.6  液晶屏选择 8
第3章  系统硬件设计 9
3.1  引言 9
3.2  系统框图 9
3.3  触摸屏信号采集单元 10
3.4  单片机控制单元 12
3.5  单片机与LCD硬件设计 13
3.6  电源电路设计 14
3.7  串行接口通信单元 16
3.8  系统原理图及印刷电路板图 17
3.9  器件连接实物图 17
第4章  系统软件设计 19
4.1  引言 19
4.2  设计思路及系统框图 19
4.3  触摸屏信号采集模块 20
4.4  LCD显示模块 21
4.5  人机交互模块 23
第5章  系统调试 24
5.1  硬件调试 24
5.2  软件调试 25
5.2.1  LCD液晶屏 25
5.2.2  触摸屏 27
5.3  整机调试 29
结  论 34
致  谢 35
参考文献 36
附录1  系统原理图 37
附录2  系统PCB图 38
附录3  触摸屏程序 39