璁稿浜轰篃璁歌繕璁板緱,鎴栧嵎鍏ヤ簡1997骞村湪缇庡浗鐢熸€佸浼氱綉绔欎笂灞曞紑鐨勬墍璋?quot;鐢熸€佸鎵瑰垽"鐨勮璁恒€傝璁虹殑涓績璁鏄?“涓轰粈涔堢敓鎬佸杩樻病鏈夎兘澶熼娴嬫湭鏉?rdquo;.鎴戠殑璁ㄨ蹇冨緱琚垔鐧诲湪Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 79鍗?鏈? April, 1998. 鍚庢潵鏀跺綍鍦ㄦ垜鐨勪笓钁?lt;瓒嬪娍鍒嗘瀽鍙婂叾鍦ㄧ敓鎬佽偂甯備腑鐨勫簲鐢?gt;銆傜幇缈昏瘧鎴愪腑鏂囷紝杞埌绉戝缃戯紝瀵绘眰鐭ラ煶鐨勬壒璇勶紝鎸囩偣鍜岃璁恒€傚洜涓烘槸鎴戣嚜宸辩殑鏂囩珷,鎵€浠ヤ粛鍒椾负鍘熷垱銆傝浆杞芥椂鏈夋洿鏂般€?/font>
鐢熸€佸鐨勭煩闃佃В鎵瑰垽
缇庡浗鐢熸€佸浼氱綉绔欎笂鍏充簬“鐢熸€佸鎵瑰垽”鐨勮璁哄緢鏈夋剰涔夈€傛垜浠ヤ负鎵€璋撶殑“鐢熸€佸杩樹笉鑳介娴?rdquo;鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸師鍥犳槸鎴戜滑娌℃湁鍚堥€傜殑鏁板宸ュ叿銆傚綋鎴戜滑澶勭悊涓€涓竴涓崟涓殑鍙橀噺锛屾垜浠棤娉曞彂鐜扮幇璞″悗闈㈢殑鐪熷疄瑙勫緥锛涘綋鎴戜滑鎶婂璞′綔涓虹郴缁燂紝缇よ惤锛屼綔涓烘暣浣撴潵澶勭悊锛屽垯鍙兘浣滀负绾挎€у彉鍖栧鐞嗐€傜煩闃典唬鏁扮殑姝ｅ紡鍚嶇О鏄?ldquo;绾挎€т唬鏁?rdquo;銆傚畠鏈夊姞娉曞拰鍑忔硶锛屼絾閫氬父娌℃湁闄ゆ硶锛屾病鏈夐€嗭紝鑷冲皯瀵圭敓鎬佸鏄姝ゃ€傝繖涓嚧鍛界殑寮辩偣闄愬埗浜嗗畠鍦ㄧ敓鎬佸涓紝鏃堕棿/绌洪棿鍔ㄦ€佸垎鏋愪腑锛岀殑搴旂敤銆傜敓鎬佸绯荤粺婕旀浛鐨勬柟绋?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">AX = B娌℃湁纭畾鐨勭煩闃佃В銆備笂寮忎腑锛?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">A 鍜?B鏄敓鎬佺郴缁?缇よ惤涓よ繛缁凡鐭ョ姸鎬侊紝X 鏄垜浠姹傜殑 m*m 鐘舵€佽浆绉荤煩闃点€?
涓嬮潰锛屼粠涓や釜鏂归潰璁ㄨ銆?/p>
1) A 鍜?B 閮芥槸"鏍锋湰-鍙橀噺鐭╅樀"銆?
鐭╅樀A娌℃湁閫嗭紝鎵€浠ユ弿杩扮敓鎬佺郴缁熷彉鍖栫殑鏂圭▼鐨勮В
X = B/A
涓嶅瓨鍦ㄣ€傝€屼笖锛屽鏋滅煩闃?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">A娌℃湁閫嗭紝鍒欏叾瀹冪殑鐭╅樀褰㈠紡锛屽AA', AYA', 鎴?YAY, 涔熼兘娌℃湁閫嗐€傝櫧鐒讹紝杩欑褰㈠紡鐨勮В涔熻鍦ㄦ暟瀛︿笂鑳芥垚绔嬶紝浣嗗湪鐢熸€佸閲屼笉鎴愮珛銆傜敓鎬佸涓殑"鏍锋湰-鍙橀噺鐭╅樀"娌℃湁閫嗙殑涓昏鍘熷洜鏄煩闃典笉婊＄З銆?鍗充娇鍙栨牱涓ユ牸閬靛畧浜?ldquo;闅忔満鍙栨牱”鐨勫師鍒欙紝鍙鏍锋湰鍙栬嚜“鍖€璐?homogeneous)”鐨勬琚紝"鏍锋湰-鍙橀噺鐭╅樀"閲屽氨涓嶄細鏈夎冻澶熺殑“鐙珛鍚戦噺”銆傛墍鏈夌殑鏍锋湰閮芥槸“涓績鍚戦噺”鐨勫彉寮傘€傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝濡傛灉鎶?ldquo;鍙栨牱鏂瑰樊”鑰冭檻杩涘幓锛屽垯锛?quot;鏍锋湰-鍙橀噺鐭╅樀"涓粎鏈変竴涓嫭绔嬪悜閲忋€傝€屼笖锛屽鏋滅煩闃典笉婊＄З锛屽垯浠讳綍鍙樻崲閮芥棤娉曞鍔犵煩闃电殑绉?Leon 1994:170)銆?/span>
2) A 鍜?B 鏄敱鏍锋湰-鍙橀噺鐭╅樀鐨勫钩鍧囧€肩粍鎴愮殑"澶氬厓鍚戦噺(m-vectors)"锛岃€?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">X 浠嶆棫鏄垜浠姹傜殑 m * m鐨?quot;鐘舵€佽浆绉荤煩闃?quot;銆傜敱浜庢湭鐭ュ彉閲忕殑鏁扮洰(m*m)澶氫簬鏂圭▼鐨勬暟鐩?m)锛屾柟绋嬫湁鏃犳暟澶氱殑瑙ｏ紝鎴栬锛屾病鏈夌‘瀹氱殑瑙?Bai 1984)http://www.planta.cn/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11187銆?quot;鐘舵€佽浆绉荤煩闃?quot;X 鏈夌‘瀹氳В鐨勫厖鍒嗗繀瑕佹潯浠舵槸锛氬緟瀹氱殑鍙橀噺鐨勪釜鏁版槸m锛岃€屽叾瀹?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">m*(m - 1) 涓垎閲忎负宸茬煡锛屾垨涓洪浂銆傜敱浜?quot;鐘舵€佽浆绉荤煩闃?quot;鏄垜浠姹傜殑锛屾湭鐭ョ殑锛屾墍浠ユ垜浠厛鎶?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">m* (m - 1) 涓垎閲忚涓洪浂銆?
杩欐牱锛屼笅涓€涓棶棰樺氨鏄紝瑙ｅ嚭鐨?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">m涓潪闆跺彉閲忓湪鐭╅樀涓浣曟憜甯冦€傜敱浜庡瓨鍦?ldquo;鐢熸畺闅旂”锛屾垜浠彲浠ュ亣瀹氾細鍙橀噺鍐呯殑鑷浉鍏宠澶т簬鍙橀噺闂寸殑浜掔浉鍏?/span>锛屼篃灏辨槸锛?
|X (i, i)| > |X (i, j)|锛?
鍏朵腑锛?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">i= 1,2, . . . m, j= 1,2,. . . m, 鑰屼笖 i <> j.
鎵€浠ワ紝"杞Щ鐭╅樀"鐨?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">m涓潪闆跺垎閲忚鍒嗗竷鍦ㄥ瑙掔嚎涓?X (i, i) <> 0锛岃€屽叾瀹?span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">m* (m - 1)涓浂鍒嗗竷鍦ㄩ潪瀵硅绾夸綅缃笂:X (i, j) = 0锛?i <> j銆?
涔熷氨鏄锛岀敓鎬佸涓殑"绯荤粺鐘舵€佽浆绉荤煩闃?quot;鐨勮В搴旇鏄瑙掔煩闃碉紝鑰屼笖瀵硅鍏冪礌鐨勫€兼槸瀵瑰簲鍒嗛噺鐨勫晢锛岄潪瀵硅鍏冪礌鏄浂:X (i, i) = b(i)/a(i) 锛?X (i, j) = 0銆?
鐒惰€岋紝鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾锛屽氨杩愮畻鑰岃█锛屽瑙掔煩闃靛嚑涔庢棤寮備簬“澶氬厓鍚戦噺”銆?
涔熷氨鏄锛屽畾涔変簡涔樻硶鍜岄櫎娉曠殑澶氬厓鍚戦噺(m-vector)鍙兘鏄敓鎬佺郴缁熸椂闂村姩鎬佸垎鏋愮殑姝ｇ‘宸ュ叿銆傚鏋滄垜浠妸鎴戜滑鐮旂┒鐨勭兢钀斤紝绯荤粺鐢ㄥ鍏冨悜閲忔潵琛ㄧず锛屽苟浣跨敤涓€濂楀悜閲忕殑璁＄畻鏂规硶锛屾垜浠篃璁稿彲浠ュ彂鐜扮敓鎬佺郴缁燂紡缇よ惤鍙樺寲鐨勮寰嬨€傜劧鍚庢垜浠氨鍙互寤朵几杩欎釜鍙樺寲瑙勫緥鏉ラ娴嬫湭鏉ャ€傝繖涓柊鐨勫熀浜庡鍏冨悜閲忎唬鏁扮殑鏁版嵁鍒嗘瀽缁煎悎鏂规硶锛岃绉颁负“瓒呯悆闈㈡ā鍨?rdquo;锛屾渶杩戝彂琛ㄥ湪浜嗐€婄敓鎬佹ā鍨嬨€?7 (l-2):75-86, 銆?
浠庡彟涓€涓搴︼紝鐢变簬鐢熺墿鐨勫娈栧疄璐ㄤ笂鏄寚鏁板闀?Vandermeer 1981)锛屾垜浠彲浠ョ敤缁忛獙澧炵巼(empirical rate)鏉ヤ唬鏇垮唴绂€澧炵巼(intrinsic rate)锛屾妸閫傜敤浜庡崟涓€绉嶇兢鐨勬爣閲忕殑鎸囨暟澧為暱鏂圭▼鎵╁睍鍒板悜閲忥紝鐢?ldquo;澶氬厓鍚戦噺鐨勬寚鏁板闀挎柟绋?rdquo;鏉ュ仛缇よ惤锛屽仛鐢熸€佺郴缁熺殑棰勬祴锛?銆?
鏂囩尞(鐣ワ紝鍙傝€冭嫳鏂囧師鏂?
杩涗竴姝ヨ璁猴紝璇疯闂?
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