科学网-[转载]2009年中国重大科学、技术与工程进展
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| 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶х瀛︺€佹妧鏈笌宸ョ▼杩涘睍
銆婄鎶€瀵兼姤銆嬬紪杈戦儴 鑻?闈掞紝鏈?瀹囷紝浠?涓斤紝宀?鑷?span lang="EN-US">
鏈枃鍒婅浇鍦ㄣ€婄鎶€瀵兼姤銆?span lang="EN-US">2010骞寸1鏈熶笂
鎽樿 鍦ㄦ湰鍒婅繛缁?/span>6骞?璇勯€夊勾搴?ldquo;涓浗閲嶅ぇ绉戝銆佹妧鏈笌宸ョ▼杩涘睍”鐨勫熀纭€涓婏紝鏈潃“鍒嗛棬鍒被銆佹湰鍒婃帹鑽愶紝涓撳閬撮€夛紝瀹佺己姣嬫互銆佸彊杩颁簨瀹炪€佷互鏃朵负搴?rdquo;鐨勫師鍒欙紝浠庛€婄鎶€瀵兼姤銆?ldquo;鍗婃湀 绉戞妧鏂伴椈濯掍綋鍏虫敞鎸囨暟鎺掕姒?rdquo;銆?ldquo;鍗婃湀绉戞妧椋庝簯”銆?ldquo;鍥藉唴绉戞妧瑕侀椈”銆?ldquo;绉戝鍏卞悓浣撹闂?rdquo;銆?ldquo;灏侀潰鍥剧墖璇存槑”绛夋爮鐩紝浠ュ強鍥藉唴澶栭噸瑕佸鏈湡鍒婂拰绉戞妧鏂伴椈濯?浣撴墍鍒婅浇鐨勬湁鍏抽噸澶у浗鍐呯鎶€鏂伴椈涓紝鎸?ldquo;绉戝”銆?ldquo;鎶€鏈?rdquo;鍜?ldquo;宸ョ▼”3涓被鍒紝鐢辨湰鍒婄紪杈戦儴閬撮€夈€佹帹鑽愬€欓€夋潯鐩紝鏈€缁堢敱鏈夊叧涓撳瀛﹁€呮姇绁ㄦ帹閫夊嚭2009骞村害涓浗閲嶅ぇ绉戝銆佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍銆傗憼 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶х瀛﹁繘灞?/span>10椤癸細鍙戠幇绾崇背瀛櫠閾滅殑鏋佸€煎己搴﹀拰瓒呴珮鍔犲伐纭寲鏁堝簲锛?beta;-arrestin2澶嶅悎浣撲俊鍙风己鎹熷彲瀵艰嚧鑳板矝绱犺€愬彈锛岄挔鍦ㄩ珮鍘嬫潯浠朵笅鍙浆鍖栦负閫忔槑缁濈紭浣擄紝搴旂敤璇遍獥鎬侀噺瀛愬瘑鐮佹妧鏈缓绔嬪畨鍏ㄩ€氫俊缃戠粶鐨勫疄闄呭簲鐢ㄦ祴璇曪紝绂芥祦鎰熺梾姣?/span>PA浜氬熀N绔櫠浣撶粨鏋勮В鏋愭彮绀哄叾鍐呭垏閰舵椿鎬т綅鐐癸紝涓浗闄嗗湴鐢熸€佺郴缁熺殑纰冲钩琛＄姸鍐碉紝瓒呯骇鏉備氦姘寸ɑLYP9鍙婂叾浜叉湰鐨勮浆褰曠粍瀛﹀垎鏋愮爺绌讹紝楦熺被璧锋簮鐮旂┒鍙栧緱閲嶈杩涘睍锛岄€氳繃浣跨撼绫崇褰㈡垚缃戠姸缁撴瀯骞朵笌鑱氬悎鐗╅摼鍒嗗瓙鑰﹀悎澧炲己澶嶅悎鏉愭枡寮哄害锛岄珮娓╅摐姘у寲鐗╄秴瀵间綋鐗╂€у拰瓒呭鏈虹悊鐮旂┒鍙栧緱閲嶈杩涘睍锛涒憽 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶ф妧鏈繘灞?/span>10椤癸細鍥藉唴棣栧垪瀹炵敤鍨嬩腑浣庨€熺鎮诞鍒楄溅杩愯璇曢獙锛屽叏鐞冮鍙扮撼绉掓繁绱鍥烘€佹縺鍏夋簮瀹炵敤鍖栨牱鏈虹爺鍒舵垚鍔燂紝寤烘垚涓栫晫涓婃渶澶у彛寰勫ぇ瑙嗗満鍏夊澶╂枃鏈涜繙闀滐紝棣栧骇涓栫晫鏈€鍏堣繘鐨勫渾绛掑瀷瓒呮繁姘存捣娲嬮捇鎺㈠偍娌瑰钩鍙帮紝鏂版敮绾垮鏈?/span>ARJ21-700瀹屾垚棣栨鍩庨檯椋炶锛岄濂楀勾浜у崈涓囧惃绾х叅鐭跨患閲囪澶囦笅绾匡紝瀹屾垚涓栫晫涓婃渶娓呮櫚鐨勫叏鏈堢悆涓夌淮鏁板瓧鍦板舰鍥撅紝鐮斿埗鎴愬姛澶у閲忛挔纭偍鑳界數姹狅紝鎴愬姛鐮斿埗鍗冧竾浜挎瓒呯骇璁＄畻鏈虹郴缁?ldquo;澶╂渤涓€鍙?rdquo;锛岄鍙拌嚜涓荤爺鍙?/span>2.0 MW姘哥鐩撮┍椋庡姏鍙戠數鏈鸿璁″畬鎴愶紱鈶?/span> 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶у伐绋嬭繘灞?/span>10椤?/span>: 绁?鍗庣叅鐩存帴娑插寲鐧句竾鍚ㄧ骇绀鸿寖宸ョ▼璇曡溅鎴愬姛锛屼腑鍥介涓壒楂樺帇浜ゆ祦杈撳彉鐢靛伐绋嬪缓鎴愬苟鎶曞叆杩愯惀锛屽濞ヤ竴鍙峰崼鏄熸垚鍔熸挒鏈堛€佹帰鏈堜竴鏈熷伐绋嬪渾婊＄粨鏉燂紝涓栫晫涓婃渶闀跨殑闅ч亾鍦?杈藉畞鍏ㄧ嚎璐€氾紝涓婃捣鍚屾杈愬皠鍏夋簮寤烘垚骞舵姇鍏ヤ娇鐢紝鍖椾含姝ｈ礋鐢靛瓙瀵规挒鏈洪噸澶ф敼閫犲伐绋嬪畬鎴愶紝涓浗澶ч檰棣栨潯鑷富璁捐娴峰簳闅ч亾鍏ㄧ嚎璐€氾紝涓浗瑗垮崡閲庣敓鐢熺墿绉嶈川璧勬簮 搴撻€氳繃鍥藉楠屾敹锛屾骞块搧璺杩愪笓绾挎垚鍔熻瘯杩愯锛屼笘鐣屼笂璺ㄥ緞鏈€澶х殑鍙屽眰鍏矾鏂滄媺妗?mdash;—涓婃捣闂垫郸澶фˉ閫氳溅銆?/span>
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銆€銆€鍦ㄨ繛缁?/span>6骞撮伌閫夊彂甯冧腑鍥藉勾搴﹂噸澶х瀛︺€佹妧鏈笌宸ョ▼杩涘睍鐨勫熀纭€涓?/span>[1-7]锛屼粠銆婄鎶€瀵兼姤銆?ldquo;鍗婃湀绉戞妧鏂伴椈濯掍綋鍏虫敞鎸囨暟鎺掕姒?rdquo;銆?ldquo;鍗婃湀绉戞妧椋庝簯”銆?ldquo;鍥藉唴绉戞妧瑕侀椈”銆?ldquo;绉戝鍏卞悓浣撹闂?rdquo;銆?ldquo;灏侀潰鍥剧墖璇存槑”绛夋爮鐩紝浠ュ強鍥藉唴澶栭噸瑕佸鏈湡鍒婂拰绉戞妧鏂伴椈濯掍綋鎵€鍒婅浇鐨勬湁鍏冲浗鍐呯鎶€鏂伴椈涓?/span>[8-35]锛屽2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶х瀛︺€佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍杩涜鐩樼偣锛屽湪缂栬緫閮ㄩ伌閫夈€佹帹鑽?/span>30椤归噸澶х瀛﹁繘灞曘€?/span>32椤归噸澶ф妧鏈繘灞曞拰15椤归噸澶у伐绋嬭繘灞曞€欓€夋潯鐩殑鍩虹涓婏紝鏈€缁堢敱鏈夊叧涓撳瀛﹁€呮姇绁ㄦ帹閫夊嚭2009骞村害涓浗閲嶅ぇ绉戝杩涘睍10椤广€侀噸澶ф妧鏈繘灞?/span>10椤广€侀噸澶у伐绋嬭繘灞?/span>10椤广€?/span>
銆€銆€閬撮€?/span>2009涓浗閲嶅ぇ绉戝銆佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍鏃讹紝閬靛惊涓嬭堪鍘熷垯[1-7]锛氣憼 鍒嗛棬鍒被锛氬悇椤硅繘灞曞垎鍒寜“绉戝”銆?ldquo;鎶€鏈?rdquo;鍜?ldquo;宸ョ▼”杩涜鍒嗙被閬撮€夛紱鈶?/span> 鏈垔鎺ㄨ崘锛氭湰鍒婄紪杈戦儴浠庛€婄鎶€瀵兼姤銆嬬瓑绉戞妧濯掍綋姝ｅ紡鎶ラ亾鐨勫叏骞撮噸澶х瀛︺€佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍涓紝閬撮€夈€佹帹鑽?/span>30椤归噸澶х瀛﹁繘灞曘€?/span>32椤归噸澶ф妧鏈繘灞曞拰15椤归噸澶у伐绋嬭繘灞曚綔涓哄€欓€夋潯鐩紱鈶?/span> 涓撳閬撮€夛細鏈垔缂栬緫閮ㄥ皢閲嶅ぇ绉戝銆佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍鍊欓€夋潯鐩強鍏剁浉鍏充俊鎭紝閫氳繃鐢靛瓙閭欢鍙戦€佺粰銆婄鎶€瀵兼姤銆嬮櫌澹綔鑰呫€佸叏浣撶紪濮斿拰閮ㄥ垎瀹＄涓撳鎶曠エ閬撮€夛紝鍚勭被杩涘睍寰楃エ鏈€澶氱殑鍓?/span>10涓€欓€夋潯鐩纭畾涓?/span>2009骞村害涓浗閲嶅ぇ绉戝銆佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍锛涒懀 瀹佺己姣嬫互锛氶伌閫夊嚭鐨勫悇椤归噸澶х瀛︺€佹妧鏈拰宸ョ▼杩涘睍灏介噺鑳藉緱鍒扮鎶€鐣屾瘮杈冨箍娉涚殑璁ゅ悓锛屼笉浜轰负鍦板噾鏁伴噺锛涒懁 浠ユ椂涓哄簭锛氭瘡椤归噸澶ц繘灞曞繀椤绘槸鍦?/span>2009骞?/span>1鏈?/span>1鏃?/span>鑷?/span>2009骞?/span>12鏈?/span>31鏃?/span>鏈熼棿鎶ラ亾銆佸彂琛ㄦ垨鍏竷锛屽悇椤硅繘灞曞潎鎸夋姤閬撱€佸彂琛ㄦ垨鍏竷鐨勬椂闂村厛鍚庢帓搴忥紱鈶?/span> 鍙欒堪浜嬪疄锛氶伌閫夊嚭鐨勬瘡椤归噸澶ц繘灞曞繀椤诲凡缁忓湪鍏紑鍑虹増鐨勫鏈湡鍒娿€佹瑙勫獟浣撲笂鍙戣〃鎴栫敱涓浗绉戞妧绠＄悊閮ㄩ棬鍏紑鍙戝竷锛屽苟灏介噺閲囩敤鍙欒堪浜嬪疄鐨勬柟寮忔弿杩般€?/span>
1 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶х瀛﹁繘灞曪紙10椤癸級
1.1 鍙戠幇绾崇背瀛櫠閾滅殑鏋佸€煎己搴﹀拰瓒呴珮鍔犲伐纭寲鏁堝簲
銆€銆€澶氭櫠鏉愭枡鐨勫己搴﹂殢棰楃矑灏哄鐨勫噺灏忚€屾彁楂樸€備絾鏍规嵁鍘熷瓙妯℃嫙鐨勭粨鏋滐紝褰撻绮掑昂瀵稿皬浜庝竴涓复鐣屽昂瀵稿悗锛屾洿灏忕殑棰楃矑鍙兘瀵艰嚧杞寲銆傚鏅舵潗鏂欑殑寮哄害鏋佸€煎簲鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ彉褰㈢敱鏅舵牸浣嶉敊鍚戦绮掕竟鐣屼綔鐢ㄧ殑杞彉鐐逛笂銆備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌閲戝睘鐮旂┒鎵€娌堥槼鏉愭枡绉戝鍥藉(鑱斿悎)瀹為獙瀹ゅ崲纾婄爺绌跺皬缁勪笌鍗㈡煰銆佷腹楹?/span>Risφ鍙啀鐢熻兘婧愬浗瀹跺疄楠屽榛勬檽鏃紝鍚堜綔鐮旂┒浜嗗叿鏈変笉鍚屽鏅跺眰鍘氬害鐨勭撼绫冲鏅剁函閾滅殑鏋佸€煎己搴︼紝缁撴灉鍙戠幇寮哄害闅忓鏅跺眰鍘氬害涓嬮檷鑰屾彁楂橈紝鍦?/span>15 nm鏃?杈惧埌鏋佸€硷紝闅忓悗浼撮殢搴斿彉纭寲鍜屾媺浼稿鎬х殑澧炲姞鑰岄€愭杞寲銆傚湪鏋佸€煎己搴︾撼绫冲鏅跺眰鍘氬害涓嬶紝灞堟湇鏈哄埗鍙戠敓浜嗕互妯┛鍙屾櫠鐣岀殑婊戠Щ涓轰富鍚戜互棰勫瓨绠€鍗曚綅閿欎负涓荤殑杞?鍙樸€備笂杩扮爺绌剁粨鏋滆〃鏄庯紝绾崇背瀛櫠绾摐鏋佸€煎己搴︾殑鍑虹幇锛屾槸鐢变簬闅忓鏅剁墖灞傚昂瀵稿噺灏忥紝濉戞€у彉褰㈡満鍒朵粠浠ヤ綅閿欏鏅剁晫鐩镐簰浣滅敤涓诲杞彉涓虹敱瀛櫠鐗囧眰缁撴瀯涓瀛樹綅閿?杩愬姩涓诲鎵€鑷淬€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>1鏈?/span>30鏃?/span>缇庡浗Science鏉傚織涓?/span>[36]銆?/span>
1.2 β-arrestin2澶嶅悎浣撲俊鍙风己鎹熷彲瀵艰嚧鑳板矝绱犺€愬彈
銆€銆€鑳板矝绱犺€愬彈鏄?/span>II鍨嬬硸灏跨梾鐨勪竴涓壒寰侊紝瀹冩槸鐢变簬鑳板矝绱犲埡婵€鐨勮儼宀涚礌鍙椾綋淇″彿浼犲鍔熻兘缂洪櫡閫犳垚鐨勩€傞€氳繃鑳板矝绱犲埡婵€锛岃儼宀涚礌鍙椾綋鍕熼泦骞剁７閰稿寲鑳板矝绱犲彈浣撳簳鐗╄泲鐧斤紝瀵艰嚧纾烽吀鑲岄唶-3-OH婵€閰?/span>(PI3K)-Akt淇″彿閫氳矾娲诲寲銆傛椿鍖栫殑Akt鍙繘涓€姝ョ７閰稿寲涓嬫父鐨勬縺閰跺拰杞綍鍥犲瓙锛屾渶缁堣皟鑺傚畬鎴愯儼宀涚礌鐨勫ぇ澶氭暟浠ｈ阿琛屼负銆?beta;-arrestins閫氳繃涓庡甫鏈夊悇绉嶄笉鍚岄檮灞炲拰鏁堝簲铔嬬櫧鐨勫彈浣撶浉缁撳悎璋冭妭G铔嬬櫧鍋惰仈鍙椾綋鐨勭敓鐗╁姛鑳斤紝鏈€缁堝喅瀹氫俊鍙风殑鐗瑰紓鎬с€佹晥鐜囧拰鑳藉姏銆備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌涓婃捣鐢熷懡绉戝鐮旂┒闄㈢敓鐗╁寲瀛︿笌缁嗚優鐢熺墿瀛︾爺绌舵墍瑁撮挗鐮旂┒缁勪笌鍚堜綔鑰呯爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝鍦ㄧ硸灏跨梾灏忛紶妯″瀷涓紝β-arrestin2琛ㄨ揪鏄捐憲涓嬭皟銆傛暡浣?beta;-arrestin2鍙互鍔犲墽鑳板矝绱犵殑鑰愬彈锛岃€岄噸鏂板鍏?beta;-arrestin2鍚庡彲浠ユ仮澶嶅皬榧犲鑳板矝绱犵殑鏁忔劅鎬с€傛洿杩涗竴姝ョ殑鐮旂┒鏄剧ず锛岃儼宀涚礌鍙互鍒烘縺鏂?beta;-arrestin2淇″彿澶嶅悎鐗╃殑褰㈡垚锛屽叾涓?beta;-arrestin2鍙皢Akt鍜?/span>Src鍕熼泦鍒拌儼宀涚礌鍙椾綋銆?beta;-arrestin2鐨勭己澶辨垨鍔熻兘涓уけ鍦ㄤ綋鍐呭彲瀵艰嚧杩欎竴淇″彿澶嶅悎鐗╃己闄峰拰瀵硅儼宀涚礌淇″彿鐨勫共鎵帮紝鍥犳锛屽畠鍙兘鍙備笌浜嗚儼宀涚礌鑰愬彈鐨勫彂灞曞拰II鍨嬬硸灏跨梾鐨勮繘绋嬨€備笂杩扮粨鏋滀负鐮旂┒鑳板矝绱犺€愬彈鐨勫垎瀛愮梾鐞嗘満鍒舵彁渚涗簡鏂拌瑙掞紝骞朵负娌荤枟鑳板矝绱犺€愬彈鍜?/span>II鍨嬬硸灏跨梾鎻愬嚭浜嗘柊鐨勫彲鑳芥柟妗堛€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>2鏈?/span>26鏃?/span>鑻卞浗Nature鏉傚織涓?/span>[37]銆?/span>
1.3 閽犲湪楂樺帇鏉′欢涓嬪彲杞寲涓洪€忔槑缁濈紭浣?span lang="EN-US">
銆€ 銆€鍦ㄩ珮鍘嬫潯浠朵笅锛岄噾灞炲師瀛愰棿璺濈缂╃煭锛屼竴鑸儏鍐典笅锛岃繖鍙鑷翠环甯﹀拰瀵煎甫瀹藉害鐨勫鍔犺€岃〃鐜板嚭鏇存槑鏄剧殑鑷敱鐢靛瓙琛屼负銆備絾鐩墠瀹為獙鍙互杈惧埌鐨勮嚧瀵嗙姸鎬佸凡鍙娇鑺數 瀛愪簯鍑虹幇浜ゅ彔锛岃繖绉嶆晥搴斿彲鏄捐憲鏀瑰彉鍗曡嚜鐢辩數瀛愰噾灞烇紙濡傞攤鍜岄挔锛夌殑鐢靛瓙灞炴€э紝浜х敓缁撴瀯澶嶆潅鐨勭浉鍙樺拰鍏锋湁楂樹复鐣屾俯搴︾殑瓒呭鐢垫€с€備絾鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛屽疄楠屼篃宸茬粡璇佸疄锛?閲戝睘閿傚拰閽犲湪楂樺帇涓嬪彲鐢变簬纰辨€у師瀛愰厤瀵硅€屾垚涓虹粷缂樹綋銆傚悏鏋楀ぇ瀛﹁秴纭潗鏂欏浗瀹堕噸鐐瑰疄楠屽椹惏閾爺绌跺皬缁勪笌鍥藉鍚堜綔鑰呭疄楠屽彂鐜帮紝鍦ㄧ害200 GPa鍘嬪姏鏉′欢涓嬶紝閲戝睘Na鍙互杞寲鎴愪负涓€绉嶅厜瀛﹂€忔槑鐘舵€併€傚疄楠屽拰璁＄畻缁撴灉鏄剧ず杩欑鏂版瀯璞℃槸涓€绉嶅甯﹂殭缁濈紭浣擄紝鍏锋湁鍏厤浣嶇殑楂樺害鍘嬬缉鐨勫弻鍏瀵嗗爢鏅朵綋缁撴瀯銆傜爺绌惰€呰涓猴紝杩欑鑷村瘑缁濈紭缁撴瀯涓嶆槸鍘熷瓙閰嶅鐨勭粨鏋滐紝鑰屾槸浠风數瀛愬湪楂樺帇涓嬪彂鐢?/span>p-d鏉傚寲锛屽苟琚姱鐢靛瓙浜戞帓鏂ヨ繘鍏ユ櫠鏍奸棿闅欑殑缁撴灉锛涘悓鏃舵帹娴嬶紝褰撳帇鍔涘ぇ鑷宠冻澶熶娇鍘熷瓙鏍稿績鍙戠敓寮虹儓閲嶅彔鏃讹紝杩欑缁濈紭鐘舵€佸彲浠ュ湪鍏朵粬鍏冪礌鍜屽寲鍚堢墿涓骇鐢熴€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>3鏈?/span>12鏃?/span>鑻卞浗Nature鏉傚織涓?/span>[38]銆?/span>
1.4 搴旂敤璇遍獥鎬侀噺瀛愬瘑鐮佹妧鏈缓绔嬪畨鍏ㄩ€氫俊缃戠粶鐨勫疄闄呭簲鐢ㄦ祴璇?/span>
銆€ 銆€閲忓瓙閫氫俊鏄噺瀛愬姏瀛﹀拰缁忓吀閫氫俊鐨勪氦鍙夊绉戯紝鏈夌潃浼犵粺閫氫俊鏂瑰紡鎵€涓嶅叿澶囩殑瀹夊叏鐗规€э紝鍦ㄥ浗瀹跺畨鍏ㄣ€侀噾铻嶇瓑淇℃伅瀹夊叏棰嗗煙鏈夌潃閲嶅ぇ鐨勫簲鐢ㄤ环鍊煎拰鍓嶆櫙銆備腑鍥界鎶€澶?瀛﹀悎鑲ュ井灏哄害鐗╄川绉戝鍥藉瀹為獙瀹わ紙绛癸級娼樺缓浼熷拰闄堝鍏电爺绌跺皬缁勶紝鍒╃敤璇遍獥鎬侀噺瀛愬瘑鐮佹妧鏈缓绔嬩簡涓€涓厜閲忓瓙瀹夊叏缃戠粶閫氫俊绯荤粺銆傚叏濂楀瘑閽ヤ氦鎹㈠拰搴旂敤鍗忚鍦?/span>3涓妭鐐瑰疄鏃惰繘琛岋紝2涓浉閭昏妭鐐圭敱澶х害20 km鐨勫晢鐢ㄧ數璇濆厜绾よ繛鎺ャ€傝閲忓瓙瀹夊叏閫氫俊绯荤粺寰楀埌3涓€氫俊鑺傜偣涓换鎰?/span>2鐐归棿涓嶉棿鏂殑瀹炴椂璇煶閫氳瘽锛屼互鍙婇€氳繃浣跨敤涓€娆＄紪鐮佺郴缁熺敱1涓妭鐐瑰悜鍙﹀2涓妭鐐瑰彂閫佸箍鎾瓑搴旂敤娴嬭瘯鐨勯獙璇併€傚厜閲忓瓙鐢佃瘽缃戠殑寤烘垚锛屾爣蹇楃潃瀹夊叏鐨勯噺瀛愰€氫俊鐢卞疄楠屽璧拌繘浜嗘棩甯哥敓娲汇€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>4鏈?/span>13鏃?/span>缇庡浗Optics Express鏉傚織涓?/span>[39]銆?/span>
1.5 绂芥祦鎰熺梾姣?/span>PA浜氬熀N绔櫠浣撶粨鏋勮В鏋愭彮绀哄叾鍐呭垏閰舵椿鎬т綅鐐?/span>
銆€銆€娴佹劅鐥呮瘨鑱氬悎閰朵笁鑱氫綋鍖呭惈PA銆?/span>PB1鍜?/span>PB2涓変釜浜氬熀锛岃礋璐ｅ偓鍖栫梾姣?/span>RNA鍦ㄦ劅鏌撶粏鑳炴牳鍐呯殑澶嶅埗鍜岃浆褰曘€?/span>PB1鏄仛鍚堥叾鐨勬椿鎬т腑蹇冿紝鍙兘鍏锋湁鍐呭垏閰舵椿鎬э紝鑰?/span>PB2涓昏璐熻矗涓庡附缁撴瀯鐨勭粨鍚堛€?/span>PA鐨勬皑鍩烘湯绔璁や负鏄?/span>PA铔嬬櫧鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳藉尯锛屽彲鑳藉叿鏈夊绉嶅姛鑳斤紝鍖呮嫭鍐呭垏閰躲€佽泲鐧介叾娲绘€т互鍙婄梾姣?/span>RNA涓庝簰琛?/span>RNA鍚姩瀛愮殑缁撳悎銆備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鐢熺墿鐗╃悊鐮旂┒鎵€鐢熺墿澶у垎瀛愬浗瀹堕噸鐐瑰疄楠屽鍒樿繋鑺冲皬缁勫拰楗跺瓙鍜屽皬缁勫悎浣滐紝瑙ｆ瀽浜嗙娴佹劅H5N1鐥呮瘨PA浜氬熀N绔?/span>197涓皑鍩洪吀娈嬪熀锛?/span>PAN锛夌殑2.2?鏅朵綋缁撴瀯銆?/span>PAN鍏锋湁涓€涓?alpha;/β缁撴瀯锛屾彮绀哄叾鍙€氳繃涓€涓笌鍐呭垏閰剁壒寰佸熀搴?/span>(P)DXN(D/E)XK绫讳技鐨勫熀搴忕粨鏋勭粨鍚堜竴涓晛绂诲瓙銆傜粨鏋勬瘮杈冨拰绐佸彉鍒嗘瀽鏄剧ず锛?/span>PAN鍏锋湁涓€涓唴鍒囬叾娲绘€т綅鐐癸紱浣撳唴鏍歌泲鐧介噸寤哄姛鑳藉垎鏋愬拰浣撳鐩存帴鍐呭垏閰跺疄楠屼篃杩涗竴姝ヨ瘉瀹?/span>PAN鍏锋湁涓€涓唴鍒囬叾娲绘€т綅鐐癸紝骞跺湪娴佹劅鐥呮瘨鑱氬悎閰剁殑鍐呭垏閰舵椿鎬т腑鍙戞尌姣?/span>PB1鏇撮噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤銆傜爺绌朵汉鍛樿繕鍙戠幇锛屽湪娴佹劅鐥呮瘨涓嶅悓鏍郴涓繖涓€鍐呭垏閰朵綅鐐硅〃鐜板嚭楂樺害淇濆畧鐨勭壒鐐癸紝杩欐彁绀?/span>PAN鏄姉娴佹劅娌荤枟鐨勯噸瑕侀澏鐐广€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>4鏈?/span>16鏃?/span>鑻卞浗Nature鏉傚織涓?/span>[40]銆?/span>
1.6 涓浗闄嗗湴鐢熸€佺郴缁熺殑纰冲钩琛＄姸鍐?/span>
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1.7 瓒呯骇鏉備氦姘寸ɑLYP9鍙婂叾浜叉湰鐨勮浆褰曠粍瀛﹀垎鏋愮爺绌?/span>
銆€ 銆€铏界劧鏉備氦浼樺娍鍦ㄥ啘涓氱敓浜т笂寰楀埌骞挎硾搴旂敤锛屼絾鍏堕仐浼犲熀纭€鍜屽垎瀛愭満鐞嗕粛涓嶇敋鏄庢櫚銆傛牴鎹凡鐭ュ拰棰勬祴鐨勭奔绋诲熀鍥狅紝涓浗绉戝闄㈤仐浼犱笌鍙戣偛鐢熺墿瀛︾爺绌舵墍鏈辩珛鐓岀爺绌剁粍 鍜屾湵绁爺绌剁粍涓庝腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鍖椾含鍩哄洜缁勫鐮旂┒鎵€浜庡啗鐮旂┒缁勫強婀栧崡鏉備氦姘寸ɑ涓績琚侀殕骞崇爺绌剁粍鍚堜綔锛岃璁′簡鍏ㄥ熀鍥犵粍瀵¤仛鏍歌嫹閰歌姱鐗囷紝骞跺埄鐢ㄨ繖绉嶈姱鐗囩爺绌朵簡瓒呯骇鏉?浜ょɑLYP9鍙婂叾浜叉湰鏍?/span>93-11鍜?/span>PA64s鍙戣偛杩囩▼涓彾涓庤姳搴忕殑杞綍缁勬儏鍐点€傜粨鏋滃彂鐜帮紝浠?/span>7绉嶇粍缁囷紙鑲茬Ё鍜岃€曠鏈熺殑鍙讹紝瀛曠鏈熴€佹娊绌楁湡銆佸紑鑺辨湡鍜岀亴娴嗘湡鐨勫墤鍙讹紝鐏屾祮鏈熺殑鑺卞簭锛夊垎绂荤殑鍏辫36926涓熀鍥犱腑锛屾湁22266涓湪涓婅堪鏍锋湰缁勭粐涓〃杈俱€傝仛绫诲垎鏋愮粨鏋滆〃鏄庯紝F1浠ｆ潅绉嶇殑琛ㄨ揪璋卞ぇ閮ㄥ垎涓庡叾浜叉湰绫讳技锛屾暟閲忚繙瓒呰繃涓庝袱浜叉湰鏍笉鍚岀殑鍩哄洜銆傚湪鎵€鏈夌殑鍩哄洜涓紝鏈?/span>7078涓熀鍥犲湪鍏ㄩ儴鏍锋湰缁勭粐涓〃杈撅紝3926涓熀鍥犲瓨鍦ㄥ樊寮傝〃杈撅紙DG锛夈€傜爺绌朵汉鍛樺皢DG鍒嗕负浜叉湰闂村樊寮?/span>DGPP鍜屾潅绉?/span>-浜叉湰宸紓DGHP杩涜姣旇緝锛岀粨鏋滄樉绀猴紝涓?/span>DGPP鐩告瘮锛?/span>DGHP涓洿澶氱殑鏄笌鑳介噺浠ｈ阿鍜岃繍杈撶浉鍏崇殑鍩哄洜銆傛澶栵紝閫氳繃鐮旂┒DG鍜屼骇閲忕浉鍏虫暟閲忔€х姸鍩哄洜浣嶇偣鐨勫叧绯伙紝鐮旂┒浜哄憳杩樻彁鍑轰簡涓€缁勬綔鍦ㄧ殑鏉傜浼樺娍鐩稿叧鍩哄洜銆傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>5鏈?/span>12鏃?/span>缇庡浗PNAS涓?/span>[42]銆?/span>
1.8 楦熺被璧锋簮鐮旂┒鍙栧緱閲嶈杩涘睍
銆€ 銆€鍏充簬楦熺被鐨勮捣婧愭湁澶氱瑙傜偣锛屽叾涓竴绉嶄富娴佽鐐硅涓洪笩绫绘簮浜庡吔鑴氫簹鐩亹榫欙紝鐩墠寰堝鍖栫煶鍜屽彂鑲茬敓鐗╁璇佹嵁鏀寔姝ょ被瑙傜偣銆備絾涔熸湁涓€浜涜瘉鎹技涔庝笌璇ヨ鐐逛笉鐩稿崗 璋冿紝姝ゅ墠鍙戠幇鐨勫甫鏈夌窘姣涚殑鎭愰緳鍖栫煶璇佹嵁琛ㄦ槑锛岃繖浜涘甫鏈夌窘姣涚殑鎭愰緳鐢熸椿鏃朵唬鍦ㄦ渶鏃╃殑楦?mdash;—濮嬬楦熶箣鍚庛€備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鍙よ剨妞庡姩鐗╀笌鍙や汉绫荤爺绌舵墍寰愭槦鍙婂叾鍚堜綔鑰呯殑 鐮旂┒缁撴灉涓鸿В閲婅繖浜涚枒闅炬彁渚涗簡鏂扮殑璇佹嵁銆備粬浠爺绌朵簡鏂扮枂鍑嗗櫠灏旂泦鍦颁緩缃楃邯鍦板眰涓彂鐜扮殑涓€绉嶅鐗圭殑灏忓瀷鎭愰緳——娉ユ江榫欙紝璇ョ鎭愰緳灞炰簬鍏借剼浜氱洰鎭愰緳鐨勪竴涓垎鏀?——璞￠蓟榫欑被銆傛瘮杈冪壒娈婄殑鏄紝璇ョ鎭愰緳闀挎湁绫讳技楦熺殑鍠欙紝鑰屼笖鏄椋熸€ф亹榫欍€傚寲鐭宠〃鏄庯紝璇ョ鎭愰緳闀挎湁4涓寚锛屽叾绗?/span>1鎸囧凡缁忛€€鍖栵紝绗?/span>2鎸囪繘鍖栧緱姣旇緝绮楀ぇ銆傜爺绌朵汉鍛樿繘涓€姝ュ姣斾簡鍏朵粬涓€浜涘吔鑴氱被鎭愰緳鐨勫寲鐭筹紝鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绉嶆亹榫欐寚閫€鍖栧亣璇达細鎭愰緳鍦ㄨ繘鍖栦腑涓や晶鐨勬寚鍙戠敓閫€鍖栵紝浣嗙敱浜庣敓娲讳範鎬х殑鍘熷洜锛屽叾淇濈暀鐨勪腑闂翠笁鎸囧彂鐢熷舰鎬佸彉鍖栵紝鑰岃浆鍙樹负鏇翠技鍐呬晶3鎸囥€傝鍋囪鍙互瑙ｉ噴鎭愰緳鍚戦笩绫昏繘鍖栧亣璇翠腑鎸囬杩涘寲鍖栫煶璇佹嵁涓庡彂鑲插璇佹嵁闂寸殑鐭涚浘銆傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>6鏈?/span>18鏃?/span>鑻卞浗Nature涓?/span>[43]銆?/span>
銆€銆€娌堥槼甯堣寖澶у鑳′笢瀹囧拰寰愭槦绛夊悎浣滐紝鐮旂┒浜嗕竴鍧楁潵鑷腑鍥借窘瀹佽タ閮ㄦ櫄渚忕綏绾棭鏈熷湴灞備腑锛堢害1.6浜垮勾鍓嶏紝鏃╀簬濮嬬楦燂級淇濆瓨瀹屽ソ鐨勫皬鍏借剼绫绘亹榫欏寲鐭炽€傝繖鍧楀寲鐭冲彲鑳藉睘浜?/span>Troodontidae锛屾槸鍏借剼绫绘亹榫欎腑鏈€鎺ヨ繎楦熺被鐨勪竴绉嶃€傛柊鍙戠幇鐨勫寲鐭冲湪鍏惰繎涔庡畬鏁翠繚瀛樼殑楠ㄦ灦鍛ㄥ洿娓呮櫚鍦板垎甯冩湁缇芥瘺鍗扮棔锛屽湪鍓嶃€佸悗鑲㈠拰灏鹃儴鐗瑰埆鏄窎楠ㄤ綅缃潎鍒嗗竷濂囩壒鐨勯缇斤紝涓虹窘姣涙棭鏈熻繘鍖栨彁渚涗簡鐮旂┒璧勬枡銆傝鍙戠幇濡傝纭瘉锛屽皢鎵撶牬楦熺被璧锋簮浜庡吔鑴氱被鎭愰緳鍋囪鐨勬椂闂存倴璁恒€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>10鏈?/span>1鏃?/span>鑻卞浗Nature涓?/span>[44]銆?/span>
銆€ 銆€姝ゅ锛屼互寰€鍙戠幇浜庨潪楦熺被鎭愰緳鐨勭窘姣涢兘琚涓烘槸宸茬粡婕斿寲鍒颁竴绉嶉珮绾ч樁娈碉紝鑰屼笉鏄紨鍖栨棭鏈熺殑缇芥瘺銆傚緪鏄熶笌鍚堜綔鑰呬粠涓ゅ潡鍖楃エ榫欏寲鐭虫牱鏈腑鍙戠幇浜嗕竴绉嶆柊鐨勭窘姣涚被 鍨嬶紝杩欑缇芥瘺姣忔牴閮芥槸涓€鏉″崟鐙殑瀹界氦缁达紝鍚屽彂鑲叉ā鍨嬮娴嬬殑缇芥瘺绗竴闃舵鐨勫舰鎬佺浉涓€鑷淬€傝鍙戠幇浣跨粷澶ч儴鍒嗛娴嬬殑缇芥瘺褰㈡€佸湪鍖栫煶鏍峰搧涓兘鎵惧埌浜嗚褰曪紝鑰屼笖杩涗竴 姝ヨ〃鏄庣窘姣涙棭鍦ㄩ笩绫诲嚭鐜板強椋炶鑳藉姏褰㈡垚涔嬪墠鍗冲凡褰㈡垚銆傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>1鏈?/span>20鏃?/span>缇庡浗PNAS涓?/span>[45]銆?/span>
1.9 閫氳繃浣跨撼绫崇褰㈡垚缃戠姸缁撴瀯骞朵笌鑱氬悎鐗╅摼鍒嗗瓙鑰﹀悎澧炲己澶嶅悎鏉愭枡寮哄害
銆€銆€浣滀负鏃犵己闄风撼绫冲昂搴︾粨鏋勬潗鏂欙紝纰崇撼绫崇锛?/span>CNT锛夊叿鏈夊墠鎵€鏈湁鐨勫姏瀛︽€ц兘锛屼絾鏄紝鐢变簬CNT涔嬮棿鐨勫洟鑱氥€?/span>CNT涓庤仛鍚堢墿鍩鸿川鐣岄潰闂寸殑缂洪櫡浠ュ強CNT寮洸绛夊洜绱狅紝鍏跺湪澶嶅悎鏉愭枡涓殑娼滆兘灏氭湭寰楀埌瀹屽叏鍙戞尌銆備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鐗╃悊鐮旂┒鎵€鍖椾含鍑濊仛鎬佺墿鐞嗗浗瀹跺疄楠屽锛堢锛夎В鎬濇繁鐮旂┒灏忕粍涓庡浗瀹剁撼绫崇瀛︿腑蹇冨紶蹇犵爺绌剁粍鍚堜綔鐮旂┒鍙戠幇锛岄€氳繃浣?/span>CNT褰㈡垚杩炵画鐨勪笁缁寸綉鐘剁粨鏋勶紝骞朵娇CNT涓庤仛鍚堢墿閾惧湪鍒嗗瓙姘村钩鑰﹀悎锛屽彲浠ヤ娇CNT鍦ㄥ鍚堢墿涓彂鎸ラ鏈熺殑浣滅敤銆傚叿鏈夌綉鐘剁撼绫崇缁撴瀯鐨勫鍚堢氦缁翠笌鐭?/span>CNT闅忔満鍒嗗竷鍔犲浐澶嶅悎鏉愭枡鐩告瘮锛屽叾寮哄害鍙戠敓浜嗘暟閲忕骇澧炲己銆傝€屼笖锛岀撼绫崇鍜屽鑱氱墿閾惧垎瀛愭按骞崇殑鑰﹀悎鍙互瀵艰嚧鐑浐鎬у拰鐑鎬у鍚堢氦缁存€ц川鍙戠敓鏄捐憲鍙樺寲锛屾彁绀轰竴鑸殑瀹忚澶嶅悎鐞嗚涓嶈兘瑙ｉ噴鎵€鏈夌殑绾崇背灏哄害鏉傚悎琛屼负銆傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>8鏈?/span>Nano Letter涓?/span>[46]銆?/span>
1.10 楂樻俯閾滄哀鍖栫墿瓒呭浣撶墿鎬у拰瓒呭鏈虹悊鐮旂┒鍙栧緱閲嶈杩涘睍
銆€銆€閾滄哀鍖栫墿楂樻俯瓒呭浣撴棭鍦?/span>20澶?骞村墠灏卞凡鍙戠幇锛屼絾鍏惰秴瀵兼満鐞嗕粛鏈В鍐炽€備腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鐗╃悊鐮旂┒鎵€鍖椾含鍑濊仛鎬佺墿鐞嗗浗瀹跺疄楠屽锛堢锛夊懆鍏存睙鐮旂┒缁勫拰闂绘捣铏庣爺绌剁粍锛屽湪楂樻俯瓒呭浣撴瘝浣撴瑺鎺烘潅鍖鸿垂绫抽潰 褰㈢姸浠ュ強瓒呭鏈虹悊鐮旂┒鏂归潰鍙栧緱閲嶈杩涘睍銆傞珮娓╄秴瀵间綋姣嶄綋娆犳幒鏉傚尯鍩熻垂绫抽潰鐨勬嫇鎵戝舰鐘舵槸鐞嗚В楂樻俯瓒呭浣撳寮傜墿鎬х殑鏈€鍩烘湰鐨勯棶棰橈紝涔熸槸鍦ㄧ悊璁哄拰瀹為獙鏂归潰涓€鐩翠簤 璁笉鏂偓鑰屾湭鍐崇殑閲嶈闂銆傝繎鏈熺殑涓€绯诲垪閲忓瓙鎸崱瀹為獙閮借〃鏄庯紝鍦ㄦ瑺鎺烘潅鏍峰搧涓彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄨ垂绫冲彛琚嬨€備絾鍒扮洰鍓嶄负姝紝瑙掑垎杈ㄥ厜鐢靛瓙鑳借氨浠病鏈夎娴嬪埌璐圭背鍙ｈ锛岃 瀵熷埌鐨勯兘鏄垂绫冲姬鐨勫浘鍍忋€傚懆鍏存睙鐮旂┒缁勪笌涓浗绉戝闄㈢悊鍖栨妧鏈爺绌舵墍闄堝垱澶╃瓑鍚堜綔锛屽埄鐢ㄨ嚜涓荤爺鍒剁殑瓒呴珮鍒嗚鲸鐜囩湡绌虹传澶栨縺鍏夎鍒嗚鲸鍏夌數瀛愯兘璋变华锛屽湪娆犳幒鏉傞珮娓?瓒呭浣?/span>Bi2201涓涓€娆＄洿鎺ヨ瀵熷埌璐圭背鍙ｈ锛岃€屼笖鍦ㄦ甯告€佽繕杩涗竴姝ヨ瀵熷埌璐圭背鍙ｈ鍜岃垂绫冲姬鐨勫叡瀛樸€傝繖浜涚爺绌剁粨鏋滀负鐞嗚В楂樻俯瓒呭浣撳寮傛甯告€佺殑鎬ц川锛屾楠屽拰寤虹珛鏂扮殑鐞嗚锛屾彁渚涗簡鍏抽敭鐨勫疄楠岃瘉鎹€傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>11鏈?/span>19鏃?/span>鑻卞浗Nature涓?/span>[47]銆?/span>
銆€ 銆€鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛屽父瑙勮秴瀵间綋鍏惰秴瀵兼€佸搴斾簬涓€涓兘闅欙紝瀹冨彲淇濇姢瓒呭鐨勫舰鎴愬拰绋冲畾鎬с€備絾瀵逛簬閾滄哀鍖栫墿瓒呭浣擄紝鐗瑰埆鏄瑺鎺烘潅鏍峰搧锛屽叾鍦ㄨ繙楂樹簬瓒呭杞彉娓╁害涓婂氨瀛樺湪 鑳介殭锛堣绉颁负璧濊兘闅欙級銆傚叧浜庤禎鑳介殭涓庤秴瀵煎叧绯诲瓨鍦ㄨ澶氭ā鍨嬶細涓€绫绘ā鍨嬪皢璧濊兘闅欎笌瓒呭闅旂寮€鏉ワ紝璁や负璧濊兘闅欐槸鏌愪簺鏈夊簭鐩稿鐢佃嵎瀵嗗害娉㈠簭涓庤秴瀵肩浉绔炰簤璐圭背闈笂 鐨勬€佸瘑搴︼紝鍥犳锛岃秴瀵艰浆鍙樹粛鐒舵弧瓒?/span>BCS鐩稿彉鐗规€э紱鍙︿竴绫绘ā鍨嬪垯璁や负璧濊兘闅欏搴旂潃涓庣數瀛愰厤瀵瑰己搴︾浉鍏崇殑鑳介噺灏哄害锛岃秴瀵艰浆鍙樻俯搴︿箣涓婃湁棰勯厤濂界殑搴撴煆瀵癸紝浣嗙敱浜庤秴娴佺數瀛愭祿搴﹀お绋€钖勶紝瓒呭娓╁害涓嶆槸鐢遍厤瀵瑰己搴︽墍鍐冲畾锛岃€屾槸鐢辩浉浣嶅垰搴﹀喅瀹氾紝瓒呭杞彉鏄潪BCS鍨嬬殑銆傚父瑙勮秴瀵间綋鍏惰秴瀵肩浉鍙樺簲閬典粠鐔靛畧鎭掞紝閫氳繃娴嬮噺閾滄哀鍖栫墿瓒呭鐩稿彉鏄惁澶勪簬鐔靛钩琛＄姸鎬佸彲浠ラ獙璇佸叾瓒呭鐩稿彉绫诲瀷銆備絾璇ユ柟娉曞彈鍒朵簬姣旂儹娴嬮噺绮惧害鍜岃秴瀵肩牬鍧忔墍闇€鐨勯珮纾佸満绛夋潯浠躲€傞椈娴疯檸鐮旂┒灏忕粍鍒跺鍑虹郴鍒楁幒鏉傜殑楂樿川閲忔哀鍖栫墿瓒呭浣?/span>Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6鍗曟櫠锛岃绯诲垪鏍峰搧瓒呭杞彉娓╁害杈冧綆锛屽湪杈冧綆纾佸満涓嬪嵆鍙牬鍧忓叾瀹忚瓒呭銆傚苟瀵瑰叾杩涜浜嗛珮绮惧害姣旂儹娴嬮噺锛岃幏寰椾簡瓒呭杞彉鐔电殑鍙樺寲銆傜粨鏋滆〃鏄庯紝娆犳幒鏉傞摐姘у寲鐗╄秴瀵间綋杞彉鍓嶅悗瀛樺湪鐔靛彉锛屼笉婊¤冻BCS鐗╃悊鍥惧儚锛涘湪姝ｅ父鎬佸凡缁忔湁閮ㄥ垎鐢靛瓙搴撴煆瀵瑰瓨鍦紝鑰岃秴瀵艰浆鍙樺垯瀵瑰簲浜庣浉浣嶇浉骞茬壒鎬х殑寤虹珛銆傜浉鍏崇爺绌惰鏂囧彂琛ㄥ湪2009骞?/span>8鏈?/span>7鏃?/span>缇庡浗Physical Review Letters涓?/span>[48]銆?/span>
2 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶ф妧鏈繘灞曪紙10椤癸級
2.1 鍥藉唴棣栧垪瀹炵敤鍨嬩腑浣庨€熺鎮诞鍒楄溅杩愯璇曢獙
銆€銆€6鏈?/span>15鏃?/span>锛?鍥藉唴棣栧垪鍏锋湁瀹屽叏鑷富鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勫疄鐢ㄥ瀷涓綆閫熺鎮诞鍒楄溅涓嬬嚎鍚庡畬鎴愬垪杞﹁皟璇曪紝寮€濮嬭繘琛岀嚎璺繍琛岃瘯楠岋紝杩欐爣蹇楃潃涓浗宸茬粡鍏峰涓綆閫熺鎮诞鍒楄溅浜т笟鍖栧埗閫犺兘 鍔涖€備腑浣庨€熺鎮诞鍒楄溅椤圭洰鏄寳杞﹂泦鍥㈠攼灞辫建閬撳杞︽湁闄愬叕鍙镐笌鍖椾含鎺ц偂纾佹偓娴妧鏈彂灞曟湁闄愬叕鍙搞€佸浗闃茬瀛︽妧鏈ぇ瀛︾瓑鍏卞悓寮€灞曠殑纾佹偓娴妧鏈伐绋嬪寲搴旂敤鐮斿彂椤?鐩紝琚垪鍏ュ浗瀹?ldquo;鍗佷竴浜?rdquo;绉戞妧鏀拺璁″垝銆傝鍒楃鎮诞鍒楄溅閲囩敤閾濆悎閲戣溅浣撱€佸骞呰溅韬紝渚涚數鐢靛帇鐢辩洿娴?/span>750V鎻愰珮鍒?/span>1500V锛屽櫔闊充綆銆佹棤杈愬皠銆佽繍琛屽畨鍏ㄥ彲闈狅紝鐖潯鑳藉姏杈惧埌7%鐨勬按骞筹紝杩愯鏃堕€熶负100锝?/span>120km锛屾槸鑸掗€傘€佸畨鍏ㄣ€佸揩鎹枫€佺幆淇濈殑缁胯壊杞ㄩ亾浜ら€氬伐鍏凤紝鍦ㄥ悇绉嶄氦閫氭柟寮忎腑鍏锋湁鐙壒鐨勪紭鍔?/span>[49]銆?/span>
2.2 鍏ㄧ悆棣栧彴绾崇娣辩传澶栧浐鎬佹縺鍏夋簮瀹炵敤鍖栨牱鏈虹爺鍒舵垚鍔?/span>
銆€銆€3鏈?/span>20鏃?/span>锛屽叏鐞冮鍙扮撼绉掓繁绱鍥烘€佹縺鍏夋簮瀹炵敤鍖栨牱鏈哄湪涓浗绉戝闄㈢悊鍖栨妧鏈爺绌舵墍鐮斿埗鎴愬姛銆?/span>2007骞?/span>12鏈堬紝璁哥褰﹂櫌澹琛旂殑鍥藉閲嶅ぇ绉戠爺瑁呭鐮斿埗椤圭洰“娣辩传澶栧浐鎬佹縺鍏夋簮鍓嶆部瑁呭鐮斿埗”绔嬮」锛屾棬鍦ㄥ埄鐢ㄤ腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鍦ㄦ繁绱闈炵嚎鎬у厜瀛︽櫠浣撳拰婵€鍏夋妧鏈爺绌堕鍩熷浗闄呴鍏堝湴浣嶇殑浼樺娍锛岀爺鍒?/span>7鍙帮紙濂楋級鍏锋湁鑷富鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勫浗闄呴鍒?/span>/棰嗗厛鐨勬繁绱鍥烘€佹縺鍏夋簮閲嶅ぇ绉戠爺瑁呭锛屽缓绔嬫繁绱绉戝浠櫒鐮斿埗鍩哄湴锛屽彇寰椾粠鏉愭枡鍒板櫒浠躲€佸簲鐢ㄧ殑鍏ㄩ潰浼樺娍锛屼娇涓浗鍦ㄨ棰嗗煙鐨勭瀛︿笌鎶€鏈按骞充綅灞呭浗闄呴鍏堝湴浣嶏紝鎺ㄥ姩鐗╃悊銆佸寲瀛︺€佹潗鏂欍€佷俊鎭€佺敓鍛姐€佽祫鐜瓑棰嗗煙鍒涘缓鏂扮殑绉戞妧鍓嶆部銆傛娆＄爺鍒舵垚鍔熺殑绾崇鑴夊啿177.3nm娣辩传澶栧浐鎬佹縺鍏夋簮瀹炵敤鍖栨牱鏈哄氨鏄叾涓箣涓€锛岄€氳繃浼樺寲鍊嶉绯荤粺鍜?/span>KBBF鍏堣繘鐑鐞嗘妧鏈紝婵€鍏夎緭鍑哄姛鐜囪幏閲嶅ぇ绐佺牬锛岀浉姣?/span>2006骞存彁楂樹簡20鍊嶏紝绋冲畾杈撳嚭鍔熺巼4mW锛屾渶澶ц緭鍑哄姛鐜?/span>34.7mW[50]銆?/span>
2.3 寤烘垚涓栫晫涓婃渶澶у彛寰勫ぇ瑙嗗満鍏夊澶╂枃鏈涜繙闀?/span>
銆€銆€6鏈?/span>4鏃?/span>锛屽缓鍦ㄤ腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鍥藉澶╂枃鍙板叴闅嗚娴嬪熀鍦扮殑“澶уぉ鍖洪潰绉厜绾ゅ厜璋卞ぉ鏂囨湜杩滈暅”锛?/span>LAMOST锛夐€氳繃鍥藉绔ｅ伐楠屾敹锛屾爣蹇楃潃鎴戝浗鎴愪负涓栫晫涓婂皯鏁板嚑涓叿澶囨瀬澶у彛寰勬湜杩滈暅鑷富鐮斿埗鑳藉姏鐨勫浗瀹朵箣涓€銆?/span>LAMOST瓒呯骇鏈涜繙闀滅敱鍙ｅ緞3.6m鐨勫弽灏勬柦瀵嗙壒鏀规闀溿€佸彛寰?/span>4.9m鐨勭悆闈富闀滃拰鐒﹂潰缁勬垚鍏夊绯荤粺锛屾垚鍍忕殑鐒﹂潰涓婅鏈?/span>4000鏍瑰彲鑷姩瀹氫綅鐨勫厜绾わ紝杩炴帴16鍙板彲瀹炴椂璁板綍鏁版嵁鐨勫厜璋变华銆傛湜杩滈暅姣忔澶滈棿瑙傛祴1.5h锛屾渶澶氬彲鑾峰緱4000鏉″ぉ浣撳厜璋憋紝鏄洰鍓嶅浗闄呬笂鍙ｅ緞鏈€澶х殑澶ц鍦烘湜杩滈暅鍜屽厜璋辫幏鍙栫巼鏈€楂樼殑鏈涜繙闀溿€?/span>LAMOST瀹炵幇浜嗚嫢骞蹭釜涓栫晫绗竴娆★細棣栨鍦ㄤ竴鍧楀ぇ闀滈潰涓婂悓鏃跺簲鐢ㄨ杽鍙樺舰闀滈潰涓诲姩鍏夊鎶€鏈拰鎷兼帴闀滈潰涓诲姩鍏夊鎶€鏈紱棣栨瀹炵幇鍏褰㈢殑涓诲姩鍙彉褰㈤暅锛涢娆″湪涓€涓厜瀛︾郴缁熶腑鍚屾椂閲囩敤涓ゅ潡澶у彛寰勭殑鎷兼帴闀滈潰锛涢娆″簲鐢?/span>4000鏍瑰厜绾ゅ畾浣嶆妧鏈?/span>[51]銆?/span>
2.4 棣栧骇涓栫晫鏈€鍏堣繘鐨勫渾绛掑瀷瓒呮繁姘存捣娲嬮捇鎺㈠偍娌瑰钩鍙?/span>
銆€銆€6鏈?/span>28鏃?/span>锛岄搴т笘鐣屼笂鏈€鍏堣繘鐨勫渾绛掑瀷瓒呮繁姘存捣娲嬮捇鎺㈠偍娌瑰钩鍙?mdash;—Sevan Driller寤烘垚銆?/span>Sevan Driller鏄崡閫氫腑杩滆埞鍔″伐绋嬫湁闄愬叕鍙镐负鎸▉Sevan Marine鍏徃寤洪€犵殑绗叚浠ｅ崐娼滃紡骞冲彴锛岄€犱环6浜跨編鍏冿紝骞冲彴鎬婚珮135m锛岀洿寰?/span>84m锛岀敳鏉垮彲鍙樿浇鑽?/span>15000t锛屾嫢鏈?/span>15涓囨《鍘熸补鐨勫瓨鍌ㄨ兘鍔涳紱璁捐姘存繁3810m锛岄捇浜曟繁搴?/span>12192m锛岄€氳繃8鍙版帹杩涘櫒杩涜瀹氫綅锛岄厤缃湁鍏ㄧ悆鏈€鍏堣繘鐨?/span>DP-3鍔ㄦ€佸畾浣嶇郴缁熷拰绯绘硦绯荤粺锛屽彲浠ラ€傚簲鑻卞浗鍖楁捣20 鈩?/st1:chmetcnv>鐨勬伓鍔ｆ捣鍐碉紝灞炰簬褰撲粖涓栫晫娴锋磱鐭虫补閽绘帰骞冲彴涓妧鏈按骞虫渶楂樸€佷綔涓氳兘鍔涙渶寮虹殑楂樼棰嗗厛浜у搧[52]銆?/span>
2.5 鏂版敮绾垮鏈?/span>ARJ21-700瀹屾垚棣栨鍩庨檯椋炶
銆€銆€7鏈?/span>15鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥介鏋舵嫢鏈夎嚜涓荤煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑娑℃墖鏀嚎鍠锋皵瀹㈡満ARJ21-700椋炴満缁?/span>2008骞?/span>11鏈堜笂娴烽椋炴垚鍔熷苟缁忓巻鏁版妫€鏌ラ琛屽悗锛岄娆℃垚鍔熷疄鏂借浆鍦哄煄闄呴琛屻€傝繖琛ㄦ槑锛?/span>ARJ21-700椋炴満鍦ㄧ粡杩囦笂娴峰湴鍖虹殑妫€鏌ラ琛屽悗锛屽凡鍒濇楠岃瘉鍏舵€ц兘婊¤冻璁捐瑕佹眰骞惰揪鍒伴鏈熺殑绋冲畾杩愯鐘舵€侊紝鍙互婊¤冻闀胯窛绂昏埅绾块琛岀殑瑕佹眰銆?/span>ARJ21-700鏂版敮绾块鏈烘槸涓浗鑷鐮斿埗銆佸叿鏈夎嚜涓荤煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑鏂板瀷涓煭鑸▼娑℃墖鏀嚎椋炴満锛岀敱鍘熶腑鍥借埅绌哄伐涓氱涓€闆嗗洟鍏徃璐熻矗鐮斿埗锛屽叾鏍囧噯鍨嬭埅绋嬩负2225km锛屽骇绾т负78锝?/span>90搴э紝鍏锋湁閫傚簲鎬с€佽垝閫傛€с€佸叡閫氭€с€佺粡娴庢€с€佺郴鍒楀寲绛夌壒鐐广€傞娆℃垚鍔熷疄鏂借浆鍦哄煄闄呴琛屾爣蹇楃潃ARJ21-700椋炴満宸插叏闈㈣繘鍏ヨ瘯椋炲彇璇侀樁娈碉紝涓哄叾涓嬩竴姝ラ€傝埅鍙栬瘉銆佹寮忔姇鍏ュ晢涓氳繍钀ュ瀹氫簡鍧氬疄鐨勫熀纭€[53]銆?/span>
2.6 棣栧骞翠骇鍗冧竾鍚ㄧ骇鐓ょ熆缁奸噰瑁呭涓嬬嚎
銆€銆€9鏈?/span>28鏃?/span>锛屽浗瀹剁鎶€鏀拺璁″垝閲嶇偣椤圭洰銆佸浗鍐呴濂楀勾浜у崈涓囧惃绾х叅鐭跨患閲囨垚濂楄澶囨垚鍔熶笅绾匡紝骞惰繘琛屼簡涓嬩簳鍓嶅湴闈㈣仈鍚堣瘯杩愯浆銆傝繖濂楄澶囩敱澶噸鐓ゆ満闆嗗洟銆佸北瑗跨劍鐓よタ灞辩叅鐢甸泦鍥€佸钩闃抽噸宸ラ泦鍥€佷腑鍥界叅绉戞€婚櫌寮€閲囧垎闄€佸お鍘熺悊宸ュぇ瀛︾瓑鍗曚綅鑱斿悎鏀诲叧鐮斿埗锛岃鏈哄姛鐜囪秴杩?/span>2200kW锛屾渶澶ч噰楂?/span>6.3m锛岀壍寮曢€熷害25m/min锛岀敓浜ц兘鍔?/span>3500t/h锛屽叾鍏抽敭鎶€鏈凡鐢虫姤涓撳埄52椤癸紝鎺堟潈涓撳埄9椤广€傝閲嶅ぇ椤圭洰鐨勭爺鍒舵垚鍔燂紝灏嗗舰鎴愬叏閮ㄥ浗浜у寲鐨勯暱鑷傘€佺煭鑷傜熆浜曠患閲囨垚濂楄澶囦笌鎶€鏈紝浣挎垜鍥界患閲囪澶囨妧鏈按骞虫帴杩戞垨杈惧埌鍥介檯鍏堣繘姘村钩锛屾爣蹇楃潃鎴戝浗灏嗘憜鑴卞勾浜у崈涓囧惃浠ヤ笂鐭夸簳涓昏瑁呭闀挎湡渚濊禆杩涘彛鐨勫眬闈?/span>[54]銆?/span>
2.7 瀹屾垚涓栫晫涓婃渶娓呮櫚鐨勫叏鏈堢悆涓夌淮鏁板瓧鍦板舰鍥?/span>
銆€銆€9鏈?/span>28鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥介娆℃湀鐞冩帰娴嬪伐绋嬪叏鏈堢悆涓夌淮鏁板瓧鍦板舰鍥鹃€氳繃涓撳璇勫銆傝繖骞呭叏鏈堢悆涓夌淮鏁板瓧鍦板舰鍥炬槸鐢变腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌瑗垮畨鍏夊绮惧瘑鏈烘鐮旂┒鎵€涓?ldquo;瀚﹀ē”涓€鍙风爺鍒剁殑涓夌嚎闃?/span>CCD鎺ㄦ壂鐩告満鑾峰彇鐨勫奖鍍忔暟鎹紝缁忎笁绾块樀鏁板瓧鎽勫奖娴嬮噺澶勭悊鍒朵綔鑰屾垚锛屽湴褰㈠浘閲囩敤鍧囧湴鏋佽酱鍧愭爣绯伙紝楂樼▼鍩哄噯閲囩敤鏈堢悆鍗婂緞涓?/span>1737.4km鐨勬鐞冧綋琛ㄩ潰锛岀┖闂村垎杈ㄧ巼涓?/span>500m锛屽钩闈腑璇樊192m锛岄珮绋嬩腑璇樊120m锛?鏄洰鍓嶅浗闄呬笂瑕嗙洊鍏ㄦ湀鐞冦€佸钩闈笌楂樼▼鐨勫垎杈ㄧ巼鏈€楂樸€佹暟鎹簿搴︽渶楂樼殑鏈堢悆涓夌淮鍦板舰鏁版嵁锛屽皢涓轰績杩涙湀琛ㄥ舰璨岀殑鐗瑰緛銆佽寰嬩笌鎴愬洜鐨勭爺绌讹紝鎺ㄥ姩鏈堢悆鏋勯€犱笌鍖哄垝鐨勭 瀛﹀帢瀹氾紝娣卞寲瀵规湀鐞冨湴璐ㄥ強鍏舵紨鍖栧巻鍙茬殑璁よ瘑锛屼互鍙婁负鍚庣画鏈堢悆鎺㈡祴宸ョ▼鐨勭瀛︾洰鏍囪璁°€佹湁鏁堣浇鑽烽厤缃€佸叧閿妧鏈姹傚拰宸ョ▼淇濋殰鏉′欢绛夊瀹氶噸瑕佸熀纭€[55]銆?/span>
2.8 鐮斿埗鎴愬姛澶у閲忛挔纭偍鑳界數姹?/span>
銆€銆€10鏈?/span>16鏃?/span>鎶ラ亾锛屼腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌涓婃捣纭呴吀鐩愮爺绌舵墍涓庝笂娴峰競鐢靛姏鍏徃鍚堜綔锛屾垚鍔熺爺鍒跺嚭鍏锋湁鑷富鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勫閲忎负650A?h鐨?閽犵～鍌ㄨ兘鍗曚綋鐢垫睜锛屼娇鎴戝浗鎴愪负缁ф棩鏈箣鍚庝笘鐣屼笂绗簩涓帉鎻″ぇ瀹归噺閽犵～鍗曚綋鐢垫睜鏍稿績鎶€鏈殑鍥藉銆傞挔纭數姹犳槸涓€绉嶄互閲戝睘閽犱负璐熸瀬銆佺～涓烘鏋併€侀櫠鐡风涓虹數瑙ｈ川闅?鑶滅殑浜屾鐢垫睜锛屽叿鏈夊閲忓ぇ銆佷綋绉皬銆佽兘閲忓偍瀛樺拰杞崲鏁堢巼楂樸€佸鍛介暱銆佷笉鍙楀湴鍩熼檺鍒剁瓑浼樼偣锛屾槸鐩墠鏈€缁忔祹瀹炵敤鐨勫偍鑳芥柟娉曚箣涓€銆傜洰鍓嶏紝閽犵～鍌ㄨ兘鐢垫睜鎶€鏈凡璧板湪 鍌ㄨ兘鎶€鏈殑鍓嶆部锛屽叾搴旂敤鍓嶆櫙骞块様锛屽叿鏈夋瀬澶х殑缁忔祹鍜岀ぞ浼氭晥鐩婏紝鍚屾椂杩樿兘闄嶄綆纰崇殑鎺掓斁[56]銆?/span>
2.9 鎴愬姛鐮斿埗鍗冧竾浜挎瓒呯骇璁＄畻鏈虹郴缁?ldquo;澶╂渤涓€鍙?rdquo;
銆€銆€10鏈?/span>29鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥介鍙板崈涓囦嚎娆¤秴绾ц绠楁満——“澶╂渤涓€鍙?rdquo;鐢卞浗闃茬瀛︽妧鏈ぇ瀛︾爺鍒舵垚鍔熴€傝瓒呯骇璁＄畻鏈虹郴缁熺獊鐮翠簡澶氶樀鍒楀彲閰嶇疆鍗忓悓骞惰浣撶郴缁撴瀯銆侀珮閫熺巼鍙墿灞曚簰杩為€氫俊銆佸熀浜庨殧绂荤殑瀹夊叏鎺у埗銆佸灞傛鐨勫ぇ瑙勬ā绯荤粺瀹归敊銆佺郴缁熻兘鑰楃患鍚堟帶鍒剁瓑涓€绯诲垪鍏抽敭鎶€鏈紝绯荤粺宄板€兼€ц兘杈炬瘡绉?/span>1206涓囦嚎娆″弻绮惧害娴偣杩愮畻锛屽唴瀛樻€诲閲?/span>98 TB锛岀偣鐐归€氫俊甯﹀40Gb/s锛屽叡浜鐩樺閲?/span>1PB锛?鍏锋湁楂樻€ц兘銆侀珮鑳芥晥銆侀珮瀹夊叏鍜屾槗浣跨敤绛夌壒鐐癸紝缁煎悎鎶€鏈按骞宠繘鍏ヤ笘鐣屽墠鍒椼€?ldquo;澶╂渤涓€鍙?rdquo;鐨勮癁鐢燂紝鏄垜鍥芥垬鐣ラ珮鎶€鏈拰澶у瀷鍩虹绉戞妧瑁呭鐮斿埗棰嗗煙鍙栧緱鐨勪竴椤归噸澶?鍒涙柊鎴愭灉锛屽疄鐜颁簡鎴戝浗鑷富鐮斿埗瓒呯骇璁＄畻鏈鸿兘鍔涗粠鐧句竾浜挎鍒板崈涓囦嚎娆＄殑璺ㄨ秺锛屼娇鎴戝浗鎴愪负缁х編鍥戒箣鍚庝笘鐣屼笂绗簩涓兘澶熺爺鍒跺崈涓囦嚎娆¤秴绾ц绠楁満鐨勫浗瀹?/span>[57]銆?/span>
2.10 棣栧彴鑷富鐮斿彂2.0MW姘哥鐩撮┍椋庡姏鍙戠數鏈鸿璁″畬鎴?/span>
銆€銆€11鏈?/span>18鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥界涓€鍙板叿鏈夎嚜涓荤煡璇嗕骇鏉冪殑2.0MW姘?纾佺洿椹遍鍔涘彂鐢垫満锛岀敱鍔涘痉椋庣數鍏徃涓庡浗瀹剁█鍦熸案纾佺數鏈哄伐绋嬫妧鏈爺绌朵腑蹇冨悎浣滆璁″畬鎴愩€傝繖鏄垜鍥借嚜涓荤爺鍙戠殑鏈€澶х殑姘哥鐩撮┍椋庡姏鍙戠數鏈猴紝鏍囧織鐫€鎴戝浗姘哥鐩撮┍椋?鍔涘彂鐢垫妧鏈揪鍒颁笘鐣岄鍏堟按骞炽€傝繖椤规妧鏈厖鍒嗚€冭檻鍒颁腑鍥界殑姘斿€欐潯浠跺拰椋庤祫婧愮姸鍐碉紝杩涜浜嗘姉鍙伴銆佹姉浣庢俯銆佹姉娌欏皹绛夎璁★紱鍚屾椂鍦ㄧ粨鏋勪紭鍖栥€佺數纾佽绠椼€佹俯搴﹀満璁?璁＄瓑鏂归潰鍋氫簡澶ч噺鍒涙柊鍨嬭璁★紝鍙互杈惧埌寰鍚姩锛屼綆椋庨€熷苟缃戝彂鐢电殑鏁堟灉锛屼粠鑰屾洿鍏呭垎鍦板埄鐢ㄤ簡椋庤兘璧勬簮銆傚湪鍚岀瓑鏉′欢涓嬶紝鍗曟満鐨勫勾鍙戠數閲忔瘮浠庡浗澶栧紩杩涚殑姘哥鐩?椹卞彂鐢垫満鎻愰珮浜嗙害15%銆傛案纾佺洿椹遍鍔涘彂鐢垫満閲囩敤鍏ㄥ姛鐜囧彉娴佸櫒锛屽苟缃戝悗瀵圭數缃戠殑鍐插嚮灏忥紝涓斿叿鏈変綆鐢靛帇绌胯秺鑳藉姏寮虹瓑浼樼偣锛岀洰鍓嶈繖绉嶅彂鐢垫満瑁呮満绾﹀崰涓浗椋庣數瑁呮満鎬婚噺鐨?/span>10%[58]銆?/span>
3 2009骞翠腑鍥介噸澶у伐绋嬭繘灞曪紙10椤癸級
3.1 绁炲崕鐓ょ洿鎺ユ恫鍖栫櫨涓囧惃绾хず鑼冨伐绋嬭瘯杞︽垚鍔?/span>
銆€銆€1鏈?/span>6鏃?/span>锛岀鍗庣叅鐩存帴娑插寲鐧句竾鍚ㄧ骇绀鸿寖宸ョ▼杩炵画绋冲畾杩愯168h—— 璇曡溅鎴愬姛锛屾爣蹇楃潃涓浗鎴愪负涓栫晫涓婂敮涓€鎺屾彙鐧句竾鍚ㄧ骇鐓ょ洿鎺ユ恫鍖栧叧閿妧鏈殑鍥藉锛屾垜鍥界叅鍒舵补鎶€鏈疄鐜伴噷绋嬬寮忚法瓒娿€傜鍗庣叅鐩存帴娑插寲鐧句竾鍚ㄧ骇绀鸿寖宸ョ▼鍖呮嫭澶囩叅銆?鍌寲鍓傚埗澶囥€佺┖鍒嗐€佸共鐓ょ矇姘斿寲鍒舵阿銆佺叅鐩存帴娑插寲銆佹憾鍓傚姞姘㈢ǔ瀹氥€佹恫鍖栨补鍝佸姞姘㈡敼璐ㄣ€佹皵浣撳拰娑插寲姘旇劚纭€侀吀鎬ф按姹芥彁銆佺～纾哄洖鏀躲€佹薄姘村鐞嗙瓑54濂楃敓浜у拰杈呭姪鐢熸垚瑁呯疆锛屾牳蹇冭缃噰鐢ㄤ簡鍏锋湁鑷富鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鐨勪笘鐣屼笂鏈€鍏堣繘鐨勭叅鐩存帴娑插寲宸ヨ壓鎶€鏈拰楂樻晥閾佸熀鍚堟垚鍌寲鍓傛妧鏈紝鍚屾椂楂樺害閲嶈鐜淇濇姢宸ヤ綔锛屽璧颁腑鍥界壒鑹叉竻娲佽兘婧愰亾璺叿鏈夋繁杩滄剰涔?/span>[59]銆?/span>
3.2 涓浗棣栦釜鐗归珮鍘嬩氦娴佽緭鍙樼數宸ョ▼寤烘垚骞舵姇鍏ヨ繍钀?/span>
銆€銆€1鏈?/span>16鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥藉浗瀹剁數缃戝叕鍙稿甯冿紝涓浗鑷富鐮斿彂銆佽璁″拰寤鸿鐨勭櫨涓囦紡浜ゆ祦杈撳彉鐢甸」鐩?mdash;—鏅嬩笢鍗楋紞鍗楅槼锛嶈崋闂ㄧ壒楂樺帇璇曢獙绀鸿寖宸ョ▼姝ｅ紡寤烘垚骞舵姇鍏ヨ繍钀ャ€傚伐绋嬪寳璧峰北瑗跨殑鏅嬩笢鍗楀彉鐢电珯锛岀粡娌冲崡鍗楅槼寮€鍏崇珯锛屽崡鑷虫箹鍖楃殑鑽嗛棬鍙樼數绔欙紝绾胯矾鍏ㄩ暱640km锛屽彉鐢靛閲?/span>2×300涓囧崈浼忓畨锛岃繛鎺ュ崕鍖椼€佸崕涓數缃戯紝妯疮灞辫タ銆佹渤鍗椼€佹箹鍖?/span>3鐪侊紝鏄縿浠婁负姝笘鐣屼笂杩愯鐢靛帇鏈€楂樸€佽緭閫佽兘鍔涙渶澶с€佹妧鏈按骞虫渶鍏堣繘鐨勭壒楂樺帇浜ゆ祦杈撳彉鐢靛伐绋嬨€傝宸ョ▼寤鸿涓紑灞曚簡200澶?椤圭壒楂樺帇鍏抽敭鎶€鏈爺绌讹紝绯荤粺鎺屾彙浜嗙壒楂樺帇杈撳彉鐢垫牳蹇冩妧鏈紝褰㈡垚浜嗕竴鎵硅嚜涓荤煡璇嗕骇鏉冩垚鏋滃拰鍥介檯涓€娴佺殑鐗归珮鍘嬪疄楠岃兘鍔涳紝浠ュ強杈冧负瀹屾暣鐨勭壒楂樺帇鏍囧噯浣撶郴銆傚伐绋嬫姇 杩愬悗锛屽皢鍏呭垎鍒╃敤鍏呰冻鐨勫北瑗跨叅鐢点€佹箹鍖楁按鐢佃祫婧愶紝瀵瑰舰鎴愬崡鍖椾簰娴庣殑璺ㄥ尯鍩熺粡娴庡崗璋冨彂灞曞眬闈紝淇濋殰鍥藉鑳芥簮瀹夊叏鍙婄數鍔涘彲闈犱緵搴斿叿鏈夐噸瑕佹剰涔?/span>[60]銆?/span>
3.3 “瀚﹀ē”涓€鍙峰崼鏄熸垚鍔熸挒鏈堬紝鎺㈡湀涓€鏈熷伐绋嬪渾婊＄粨鏉?/span>
銆€銆€3鏈?/span>1鏃?/span>16鏃?/span>13鍒?/span>10绉?/span>锛?ldquo;瀚﹀ē”涓€鍙峰崼鏄熷湪鍖椾含鑸ぉ椋炶鎺у埗涓績鐨勭簿纭帶鍒朵笅锛屽噯纭惤鍦ㄦ湀鐞冧赴瀵屾捣鍖哄煙锛堟湀鐞冧笢缁?/span>52.36?銆佸崡绾?/span>1.50?锛夌殑棰勫畾鎾炲嚮鐐广€傛挒鍑昏繃绋嬩腑锛?ldquo;瀚﹀ē”涓€鍙峰崼鏄熸惡甯︾殑CCD鐩告満浼犲洖瀹炴椂鍥惧儚锛屽浘鍍忔竻鏅帮紝鏍囧織鐫€涓浗鎺㈡湀涓€鏈熷伐绋嬪渾婊＄粨鏉熴€?ldquo;瀚﹀ē”涓€鍙峰崼鏄熷湪杞ㄨ繍琛屼竴骞翠腑锛屽叡浼犲洖1.37TB鐨勬湁鏁堢瀛︽帰娴嬫暟鎹紝鑾峰彇浜嗗叏鏈堢悆褰卞儚鍥俱€佹湀琛ㄩ儴鍒嗗寲瀛﹀厓绱犲垎甯冪瓑绉戠爺鎴愭灉锛屽渾婊″疄鐜板伐绋嬬洰鏍囧拰绉戝鐩爣锛屼负涓浗鏈堢悆鎺㈡祴鍚庣画宸ョ▼鍜屾繁绌烘帰娴嬪瀹氫簡鍧氬疄鐨勫熀纭€[61]銆?/span>
3.4 涓栫晫涓婃渶闀跨殑闅ч亾鍦ㄨ窘瀹佸叏绾胯疮閫?/span>
銆€銆€4鏈?/span>15鏃?/span>锛岃窘瀹佸ぇ浼欐埧姘村簱杈撴按涓€鏈熷伐绋嬭緭姘撮毀閬撳叏绾胯疮閫氾紝璐€氳宸粎涓?/span>3cm銆傝闅ч亾宸ョ▼涓滆捣杈藉畞鐪佹浠佹弧鏃忚嚜娌诲幙锛岃タ鑷宠窘瀹佹柊瀹炬弧鏃忚嚜娌诲幙锛岄毀閬撴€婚暱85.3km锛岀┛瓒婁簡50浣欏骇灞卞嘲锛?/span>50澶氭潯娌宠胺锛?/span>29鏉℃柇灞傦紝涓虹洰鍓嶄笘鐣屼笂鏈€闀跨殑杩炵画闅ч亾銆?/span>?澶т紮鎴挎按搴撹緭姘村伐绋嬫€绘姇璧勮揪103浜垮厓锛屾槸涓浗涓滃寳鍦板尯杩勪粖鏈€澶х殑杈撴按宸ョ▼锛屾媴璐熺潃姣忓勾涓鸿窘瀹佷腑閮ㄥ拰鍗楅儴鍩庡競渚涙按17浜跨珛鏂圭背鐨勯噸浠汇€傛暣涓伐绋嬪垎涓夋湡锛屼竴鏈熷伐绋嬩粠杈藉畞涓滈儴灞卞尯寮曟按鑷虫姎椤哄ぇ浼欐埧姘村簱锛屼簩鏈熷伐绋嬩粠澶т紮鎴挎按搴撳缓璁捐緭姘寸閬撳埌娌堥槼?闉嶅北绛夎窘瀹佷腑閮ㄥ煄甯傦紝涓夋湡宸ョ▼浠庨瀺灞变慨寤鸿緭姘寸閬撹嚦澶ц繛锛屽叏閮ㄥ伐绋嬪缓鎴愬悗灏嗕娇 1000澶氫竾浜哄拰浼楀宸ヤ笟浼佷笟鐨勭敤姘村緱鍒颁繚璇?/span>[62]銆?/span>
3.5 涓婃捣鍚屾杈愬皠鍏夋簮寤烘垚骞舵姇鍏ヤ娇鐢?/span>
銆€銆€4鏈?/span>29鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌涓婃捣鍚屾杈愬皠鍏夋簮绔ｅ伐骞跺鍥藉唴澶栫敤鎴峰紑鏀惧叡浜€備笂娴峰悓姝ヨ緪灏勫厜婧愭槸涓浗閲嶅ぇ绉戝宸ョ▼锛屽潗钀藉湪娴︿笢寮犳睙楂樼鎶€鍥尯锛屽崰鍦伴潰绉害20涓囧钩鏂圭背锛屾€绘姇璧勭害12浜垮厓浜烘皯甯侊紝宸ョ▼涓讳綋寤虹瓚鐢?/span>3澶у姞閫熷櫒缁勬垚锛氫竴鍙?/span>150MeV鐨勭數瀛愮洿绾垮姞閫熷櫒锛屼竴鍙拌兘鍦?/span>0.5s鍐呮妸鐢靛瓙鏉熻兘閲忎粠150MeV鎻愬崌鍒?/span>3.5GeV鐨勫叏鑳介噺澧炲己鍣紝涓€鍙板懆闀?/span>432m鐨?/span>3.5GeV楂樻€ц兘鐢靛瓙鍌ㄥ瓨鐜€傚畠鐨勫缓鎴愭爣蹇楃潃涓浗澶х瀛﹁缃缓璁捐法涓婁竴涓柊鍙伴樁锛屼笉浠呬负涓浗绉戝鐣屽拰宸ヤ笟鐣屾彁渚涗簡涓€涓笌涓栫晫鍚屾鐨勫ぇ绉戝瀹為獙骞冲彴锛屽甫鍔ㄤ腑鍥界鎶€鍒涙柊鍜岀浉鍏冲伐涓氱殑鍙戝睍锛屽悓鏃朵篃琛ㄦ槑涓浗鍦ㄥ缓璁惧浗闄呭厛杩涙按骞冲ぇ鍨嬬瀛﹀疄楠岃缃柟闈㈠叿澶囦簡楂樻按骞崇殑鎶€鏈泦鎴愬拰鍒涙柊鑳藉姏[63]銆?/span>
3.6 鍖椾含姝ｈ礋鐢靛瓙瀵规挒鏈洪噸澶ф敼閫犲伐绋嬪畬鎴?/span>
銆€銆€7鏈?/span>17鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥?ldquo;鍗佷簲”閲嶅ぇ绉戝宸ョ▼——鍖椾含姝ｈ礋鐢靛瓙瀵规挒鏈洪噸澶ф敼閫犲伐绋嬶紙绠€绉?/span>BEPCII锛夐€氳繃鍥藉绔ｅ伐楠屾敹锛?/span>BEPCII鐨勭洿绾垮姞閫熷櫒銆佸偍瀛樼幆銆佸悓姝ヨ緪灏勪笓鐢ㄦā寮忋€佸寳浜氨浠?/span>III锛?/span>BESIII锛夌殑涓昏鎬ц兘鍙傞噺鍧囪揪鍒版垨瓒呰繃璁捐鎸囨爣銆傝宸ョ▼2004骞?/span>1鏈堝紑宸ュ缓璁撅紱2008骞?/span>7鏈堬紝BEPCII/BESIII瀹屾垚鍚勯」寤鸿浠诲姟锛岃娴嬪埌姝ｈ礋鐢靛瓙瀵规挒浜х敓鐨勭涓€鎵?psi;锛?/span>2S锛変簨渚嬶紱2009骞?/span>5鏈堬紝瀵规挒鏈虹殑涓昏鎬ц兘鍙傛暟浜害鍦?/span>1.89GeV鑳介噺涓嬭揪鍒?/span>3.01×1 032 cm-2s-1锛屾槸鏀归€犲墠鐨?/span>32鍊嶄互涓婏紝杈惧埌璁捐鎸囨爣銆?/span>BEPCII閲囩敤鏈€鍏堣繘鐨勫弻鐜氦鍙夊鎾炴妧鏈紝鍒涢€犳€у湴鍏嬫湇浜嗗偍瀛樼幆闅ч亾鐙獎銆佸鎾炲尯鐭殑鍥伴毦锛屾渶澶ч檺搴﹀湴鍒╃敤鍘熸湁璁炬柦锛岃璁″鎾炰寒搴﹁緝鍘熸潵鎻愰珮浜?/span>30~100鍊嶏紝骞跺疄鐜颁簡“涓€鏈轰袱鐢?rdquo;锛堝嵆楂樿兘鐗╃悊鍜屽悓姝ヨ緪灏勪袱鐢級锛屼娇BEPCII鍦ㄤ笘鐣屽悓绫诲瀷瑁呯疆涓户缁繚鎸侀鍏堝湴浣嶏紝鎴愪负鍥介檯涓婃渶鍏堣繘鐨勫弻鐜鎾炴満涔嬩竴[64]銆?/span>
3.7 涓浗澶ч檰棣栨潯鑷富璁捐娴峰簳闅ч亾鍏ㄧ嚎璐€?/span>
銆€銆€11鏈?/span>5鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥藉ぇ闄嗙涓€鏉℃捣搴曢毀閬?mdash;—鍘﹂棬缈斿畨娴峰簳闅ч亾鍏ㄧ嚎璐€氥€傝闅ч亾鐢辨垜鍥借嚜涓昏璁℃柦宸ワ紝鍏ㄩ暱8.695km锛屾渶娣卞湪娴峰钩闈笅绾?/span>70m锛岃璁′娇鐢ㄥ鍛?/span>100骞淬€傞毀閬撶敱涓ゆ潯琛岃溅涓绘礊鍜屼竴鏉℃湇鍔′腑瀛旀瀯鎴愶紝涓绘礊瀹?/span>17.2m锛岄珮12m锛屽彲鍚屾椂琛岄┒3杞︺€傝疮閫氬悗锛屽帵闂ㄥ矝涓庣繑瀹夊尯鐨勮溅绋嬪皢鐢?/span>1.5h缂╃煭鑷?/span>8min锛屽皢鎺ㄥ姩娴峰场瑗垮哺缁忔祹鍖虹殑寮€鍙戝缓璁俱€傝闅ч亾宸ョ▼鐢变腑鍥介搧寤?/span>22灞€闆嗗洟鎵垮缓锛屾柦宸ヨ繃绋嬩腑鏀诲厠浜嗗涓笘鐣岀骇闅鹃锛屽垱鏂版€у湴鏀归€犱簡浼犵粺CRD鏂藉伐浣滀笟娉曪紝鍦ㄨ蒋寮卞洿宀╀腑鏈堟帢杩涢€熷害鏈€楂樺€艰揪73m锛屽垱閫犱簡鍚岀瓑鍦拌川鏉′欢涓嬩笘鐣岀壒澶ф柇闈㈡捣搴曢毀閬撴柦宸ヨ繘搴︾邯褰曪紱閲囩敤“鍦颁笅杩炵画澧欎簳鐐归檷姘存硶”鎴愬姛绌胯秺630澶氱背鐨勫瘜姘寸爞灞傦紱鐢?ldquo;鍏ㄦ柇闈㈠阜骞曟敞娴嗘妧鏈?rdquo;鍜?ldquo;娉ㄦ祮灏忓绠℃妧鏈?rdquo;鍏嬪埗浜嗗己椋庡寲妲界殑鑲嗚檺銆傜繑瀹夋捣搴曢毀閬撶殑鎶楄厫铓€銆佹姉娓楁按搴﹀潎涓烘渶楂樼瓑绾э紝鑳芥姷鎶?/span>8绾у湴闇囷紝鏂藉伐宸ヨ壓杈句笘鐣岄《绾ф按骞筹紝宸ョ▼璐ㄩ噺鍚堟牸鐜?/span>{bfb}[65]銆?/span>
3.8 涓浗瑗垮崡閲庣敓鐢熺墿绉嶈川璧勬簮搴撻€氳繃鍥藉楠屾敹
銆€銆€11鏈?/span>24鏃?/span>锛屼腑鍥介噸澶х瀛﹀伐绋?ldquo;涓浗瑗垮崡閲庣敓鐢熺墿绉嶈川璧勬簮搴?rdquo;椤圭洰閫氳繃楠屾敹銆傝繖鏄垜鍥界涓€涓浗瀹剁骇閲庣敓鐢熺墿绉嶈川璧勬簮搴擄紝鐢变腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鍜屼簯鍗楃渷鍏卞缓锛屼簬2005骞?/span>3鏈?/span>22鏃?/span>寮€宸ュ缓璁撅紝2008骞?/span>10鏈?/span>29鏃?/span>姝ｅ紡寮€搴撴姇鍏ヨ繍琛岋紝宸ョ▼鎶曡祫1.48浜垮厓锛屽缓璁炬湁绉嶅瓙搴撱€佹鐗╃浣撳簱銆佸井鐢熺墿搴撱€佸姩鐗╃璐ㄨ祫婧愬簱銆?/span>DNA搴撳拰淇℃伅涓績锛屼繚瀛樹簡鍖呮嫭绉嶅瓙銆佹鐗╃浣撴潗鏂欍€佸姩鐗╃粏鑳炪€佽弻鏍€?/span>DNA绛夊绉嶇被鍨嬬殑涓浗閲嶈閲庣敓绉嶈川璧勬簮鍜岄儴鍒嗗浗澶栭噹鐢熺璐ㄨ祫婧愩€傝璧勬簮搴撳凡鏀堕泦銆佷繚瀛橀噹鐢熺敓鐗╃璐ㄨ祫婧?/span>8444绉?/span>74641浠斤紙鏍級锛屽叾涓寘鎷潵鑷?/span>21涓浗瀹剁殑252绉?/span>590浠介噹鐢熸鐗╃瀛愶紱鍚屾椂鏀堕泦骞跺湪绉嶈川璧勬簮鍦冧繚瀛樹簡閲庣敓绉嶈川璧勬簮437绉?/span>49580鏍€傚畠鍜岃嫳鍥界殗瀹舵鐗╁洯涓樺洯鍗冨勾绉嶅瓙搴撴槸鐩墠涓栫晫涓婁粎鏈夌殑2涓寜鐓у浗闄呮爣鍑嗗缓绔嬬殑閲庣敓鐢熺墿绉嶈川璧勬簮淇濊棌璁炬柦锛岄」鐩殑瀹屾垚瀵规垜鍥界敓鐗╁鏍锋€т繚鎶や笌鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔灏嗚捣鍒伴噸瑕佹帹鍔ㄤ綔鐢紝鏄垜鍥芥垬鐣ユ€х敓鐗╄祫婧愪繚瀛樼殑閲嶅ぇ椋炶穬锛屼负鎴戝浗缁忔祹绀句細鍙寔缁彂灞曟彁渚涗簡鐢熺墿璧勬簮鎴樼暐鍌ㄥ | |