血友病艾滋感染者求偿十年无解

患上血友病已十分不幸，更为不幸的是，为缓解血友病病情使用血制品竟染上艾滋病毒。目前，全国已知的这类不幸人群多达百余人，他们中有人自2000年左右，即开始向制作、供应血制品凝血八因子的上海生物制品研究所提出赔偿要求。然而双方各执一词，纠葛至今，求偿问题仍未解决。

2009年12月底，北京市海淀区知春路中国医药集团大厦，40余名血友病艾滋感染者及其家属，与该集团旗下上海生物制品研究所（以下简称上生所）人员发生“肢体冲突”。

这些感染者认为，因为在1995年后仍然使用上生所非法销售的凝血因子Ⅷ（俗称凝血八因子），导致自身感染艾滋病毒。不过，上生所否认对此负有法律责任。

据时代周报记者了解，目前全国范围内已知的血友病艾滋感染者多达百余人。2009年底的“肢体冲突”，也并非双方首次发生争执。这一重大血制品污染事件在1998年开始显现，卫生部也在2000年后着手解决这一问题。但感染者求偿问题10年难解。

八因子之“毒”

“这些年我已哭过无数次。”1月初，来自黑龙江的血友艾滋感染者家属林丽英（化名）向时代周报记者讲述了自家的辛酸。

林丽英的儿子患有血友病，小时候即开始使用上生所的凝血八因子制剂，2000年，他被发现感染艾滋病毒，如今年近30岁的儿子双腿已现脓斑，让人不忍目视。

经过多年反复检查和上访，林认定，上生所销售的非灭活的凝血八因子是导致儿子感染艾滋病毒的根源。

血友病患者由于自身血液中某些凝血因子缺失，经常会因一点小伤导致自然出血不止，而约80%的患者在输入凝血八因子后，能迅速缓解病情。

1982年，上生所研制出凝血八因子制剂并开始生产（卫制82沪（6）13号）。

1987年，卫生部、海关、外交部联合发文，禁止进口国外血制品（白蛋白除外）。从此除非冒巨大危险进行走私，国内血友病人能够使用的只有中国生产的未经病毒灭活的八因子。而此后较长一段时间，上生所的八因子成为市场上的垄断产品。

直至1995年7月14日，卫生部颁布了《关于禁止生产和临床使用未经病毒去除或灭活的凝血因子类血制品的通知》，严令：各有关血液制品生产单位1994年12月31日前得到的凝血因子类制剂生产批准文号一律作废，立即停止生产和销售。至此，上生所生产了约20万瓶八因子，客户约万余名。

1998年，上海发现血友病人感染艾滋病毒的病例。随后上海对使用过上生所凝血因子产品的血友病人做了检查，共发现感染艾滋病毒者66名。

一些感染者指称：“上生所虽然停止了生产，但仍然非法销售其产品。”

来自浙江的一位周姓感染者认为，上生所和相关政府部门在卫生部发文禁止后，特别是在已知有人因使用此类血液制品而感染艾滋病后，未能采取积极补救措施，召回已出厂产品，通知产品使用者及其配偶去医院做HIV等检测，导致危害加重。

据感染者自己统计，现仍存活的感染者共124人，遍布全国14个省、直辖市。还有些血友病患者因恐惧而拒绝做HIV检查。有感染者猜测，实际感染的人数可能在千人左右。

按照卫生部艾滋病专家咨询委员会成员李楯的说法，“这一事件所伤人数之多，影响之恶劣，不在矿难和环境污染等特大恶性事故之下。”

卫生部难解

2000年前后，因使用血制品而感染艾滋病病毒的血友病人及其家属开始向制作、供应血制品的上生所提出赔偿要求。

对此，上生所辩称，没有直接的证据证明，“1995年7月14日以后的过错销售行为导致了血液病人感染艾滋病，并且该日期以前生产销售行为又不存在法律上的过错。”

曾在卫生部任职的卓小勤是此次血友艾滋感染者与中国医药集团谈判的代理人。他表示，根据《产品质量法》第四十一条规定：“因产品存在缺陷造成人身、缺陷产品以外的其他财产损害的，生产者应当承担赔偿责任。”

由此他认为，“上生所的产品不合格，在卫生部撤销其产品注册的情况下依然销售给消费者，造成消费者感染不治之症艾滋病，依法应当承担赔偿责任。”

双方分歧明显，感染者及其家属的索偿行动也进行得异常艰难。

2001年，上海市长宁区法院曾做出过血制品制作供应企业应向血友病人或其家属补偿10万元人民币的判决。据此，上海市政府曾提出处理方案，由上海红十字会出面，给予有上海户籍的血友病人每人一次性补偿10万元，并补偿每月生活费，血友病、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝的xx费用本人不再负担，而是“挂账处理”。据了解，上生所方面承担其中部分费用。

2003年后，由于问题多年得不到解决，上海之外的感染者及其家属多次聚集上海，要求上海生物制品研究所赔偿。

卫生部则在2003年和2005年两次发文，要求相关各省市“做好血友病患者感染艾滋病有关救治问题”，后，又于2006年提出关于问题解决方案的建议，基本思路是给予“一定的经济补偿”（4万-10万元），中央出政策，地方政府出钱。

目前，全国已知的感染者全部获得了抗HIVxx的免费xx，而生活救助除上海、苏州等地外，多数地方并未实施。

按照此次来京谈判的感染者及其家属的说法，各地方政府以发生地不在当地、责任人明确及种种理由，拒{jd1}感染者进行xx和生活救助。简单的艾滋病“四免一关怀”，也“并未解决生活的困难”。林丽英告诉记者。

2007年3月22日，在有卫生部疾病控制局参加的协调会议上议定，上生所出钱，进行部分生活补助，由红十字会承担具体资金的管理发放。

但后来拖延时间过长，血友病人及家属又多次聚集北京、上海。

2008年，上生所出台了一份救助协议，但要求血友病艾滋患者放弃提起法律诉讼。有感染者告诉记者：“因为生活所迫，有少数感染者接受了上生所的条件。”

艰辛求偿或现曙光

谈判多年而不得解决，感染者的司法求偿之路亦倍感艰辛。“一种看法甚至认为，与血制品企业通过政府干预司法相关。”上述全程参与此事件的卫生部专家告诉记者。

据了解，2003年后，各地法院对此类案件多持“不受理、不开庭、不判决”的态度。感染者随后寻求在信访渠道解决赔偿问题。

2008年11月24日，国家信访局回复上访感染者：来访事项，依法应当依序诉讼，向有关人民法院提出。

林丽英告诉记者，“在得到国家信访局的回复后，血友艾滋病感染者在全国各地共提起了9起诉讼，但仍毫无进展，地方法院多要求双方进行庭外调解。”

虽然，李楯在2009年9月提交给广东佛山市禅城区人民法院的一份证言中说：“2006年以后，卫生部的态度是积极的，卫生部是主张通过司法解决的。我所见到的卫生部部级或司局级官员都是支持司法解决的。”

但有感染者家属仍认为：“中国医药集团甚至是卫生部官员在干预地方法院的受理。”

2009年9月，上生所原来所属的中国生物技术集团并入中国医药集团，曾出任上生所副所长、原中国生物技术集团总经理王丽峰出任中国医药集团党委书记。

感染者察觉到了新的契机，再次聚集北京，要求中国医药集团解决赔偿和责任问题。

 

2009年12月底，在位于中国医药集团大厦的谈判中，上生所现任所长杨忠东和中国医药集团党委书记王丽峰表示，国家正在出台政策，希望大家回到各省属地解决。而中国医药集团总经理佘鲁林则在谈判中承认，“1995年之前，企业不负责任，而1996年后，企业有过错。”

记者试图就感染者求偿问题，采访杨忠东，其对记者表示，这一问题需要征询中国医药集团的意见。而王丽峰则婉拒了记者的采访。

1月7日，据新华社消息，卫生部决定在全国实行血友病病例逐一登记制度。要求“各省级卫生行政部门应指定1家医疗机构作为省级血友病病例信息管理中心，负责收集并上报本辖区内血友病患者信息和凝血因子Ⅷ及凝血酶原复合物供需情况。”

林丽英认为，解决问题的曙光或许即将到来。

(本文来源：时代周报 )Hundreds of HIV-infected hemophiliacs drug claims no solution Decade
(2010-02-01 09:41:42)
2010-02-01 09:41:42 Source: Times Weekly (Guangzhou)
 Decade of HIV-infected hemophilia claim no solution

Suffering from hemophilia has been very unfortunate, even more unfortunate is that, in order to ease the use of blood products for hemophilia disease actually infected with HIV. At present, known to the crowd as many as over a hundred of these unfortunate people, some of them around since 2000, that began to production, the supply of blood products, coagulation factor VIII, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products claim compensation. However, the two sides divided and disputes since the claims remain unresolved.

By the end of December 2009, Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing Pharmaceutical Group of China Tower, more than 40 HIV-infected hemophiliacs and their families, with the Group's Shanghai Biological Products Institute (hereinafter referred to as the student is) personnel took place "physical confrontation . "

These infections are considered as still in use after 1995 on the hygiene of the illegal sale of coagulation factor Ⅷ (commonly known as blood coagulation factor VIII), resulting in self-infection with HIV. However, the student is denied the bears legal responsibility.

According to Die Zeit reporter has learned that the current nation-wide known as many as hundreds of hemophiliacs were HIV-infected persons. By the end of 2009's "physical confrontation" and is not the first time the two sides dispute. This significant contamination of blood products began to appear in 1998, the Ministry of Health also after 2000 to address this issue. However, those claims were infected with 10 years of incomprehensible.

8 Factor's "Poison"

"These years I have cried many times." Early in January, the Friends of blood from Heilongjiang families of HIV-infected persons Li-Yin Lin (a pseudonym) to the weekly Times reporter described the bitterness of their own.

Li-Yin Lin's son suffers from hemophilia, a child started to use health as the clotting agent Factor 8, 2000, he was found to be infected with HIV, such as the nearly 30-year-old son, legs are pus spots, people could not bear to head subject.

After years of repeated screening and petitions, Lin found that the health of the sale of eight non-inactivated clotting factor leading to the root causes of son infected with HIV.

Hemophiliacs Because of its lack of some blood coagulation factors, often lead to a natural result of a small bleeding wound, while about 80% of patients in the input after the coagulation factor VIII, can quickly ease the condition.

In 1982, the student is developed clotting factor VIII preparations and begin production (Wei system 82 Shanghai (6) 13).

In 1987, the Ministry of Health, Customs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs jointly issued a document to prohibit the importation of foreign blood products (other than albumin). From then until taking a great risk of smuggling, the domestic hemophilia are able to use only produced in China without the viral inactivation of eight factors. And then a longer period of time, the eight factors on the health of the monopoly product on the market.

Until July 14, 1995, the Ministry of Health promulgated the "on the prohibition of the production and clinical use is not removed or inactivated virus, type of blood coagulation factor products notice", and ordered: the relevant units of blood products in December 1994 31 recently received clotting factor type agent production approval number is void and immediately stop production and sales. At this point, the student is about 20 million bottles produced eight factors, the customer is about thousand people.

In 1998, Shanghai has found hemophilia infected with HIV cases. Then Shanghai to lead a student is on the use of clotting factor products, hemophilia who were checked were found to be infected with HIV 66.

Some infected persons alleged that: "Although the student is to stop the production, it is still illegal to sell their products."

Name of one weeks from Zhejiang infected with the view that the student is and the relevant government departments in the Ministry of Health issued a document after the ban, especially in someone known to the use of such blood or blood products infected with HIV, the failure to take positive remedial measures, recall have been manufactured products, inform the user of the product and their spouses to the hospital for HIV testing, etc., resulting in increased harm.

Infected themselves, according to statistics, the survival of those infected are still a total of 124 people, all over the country 14 provinces and municipalities. Others fear, refuse to do hemophiliacs HIV examination. Are infected with speculation that the actual number of infections may be thousands of people around.

In accordance with the Ministry of Health AIDS Expert Advisory Committee of the Li Dun, "the number of people injured by this incident, impact is so bad, not mine, and environmental pollution under serious accidents."

Ministry of Health obscure

Around 2000, the use of blood products for hemophiliacs infected with HIV and their families begin to production, the supply of blood products on the health of the claim for compensation.

In response, the student is argued that there is no direct evidence, "July 14, 1995 after the fault of the sales practices led to the blood of patients infected with HIV, and the acts of production and sales prior to that date there is not the fault of the law."

Serving in the Ministry of Health Zhuo Xiaoqin is the Friends of the HIV-infected blood with the Chinese Medicine Group bargaining agent. He said that under the "Product Quality Law" 第四十一条 states that: "due to product defects caused by physical, defective products other than property damage, the producer should bear the liability."

Thus he believes, "on the health of the product failed, the Ministry of Health to withdraw the case of registration of their products are still sold to consumers, causing consumers to infections incurable AIDS, according to law shall be liable for compensation."

Significant differences between infected and their families were also claims of action is unusually difficult.

In 2001, the Shanghai Changning District Court has made over the supply of blood products production enterprises shall compensate hemophiliacs or their families, 100,000 yuan's decision. Accordingly, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a proposal to deal with the Shanghai Red Cross Society came forward to give a Shanghai residence registration hemophilia 100,000 yuan per person per one-time compensation, and compensation for monthly living expenses, hemophilia, AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C I am no longer afford the cost of treatment, but "losses are handled." It is understood that the student is to assume some of these costs.

After 2003, many years since the issue is not resolved, Shanghai outside of infected persons and their families, many gathered in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products of compensation required.

The Ministry of Health in 2003 and 2005 the two issued a document requiring the relevant provinces and cities to be "good treatment of hemophiliacs infected with AIDS-related issues", the latter again in 2006 on the issue of solutions have been proposed, the basic idea is to give " certain amount of economic compensation "(40000 -10 million), the central a policy, local government money.

At present, all known infected people received anti-HIV drugs, free medical treatment, and life relief except Shanghai, Suzhou and other places, most places are not yet implemented.

The talks in Beijing in accordance with infected persons and their families say, the local government took place, not local, responsible and predictable reasons, refuse to treat those infected and living assistance. Simple AIDS "Four Frees and One Care", also "does not address the difficulties of life." Li-Yin Lin told reporters.

March 22, 2007, at the Ministry of Health Bureau of Disease Control agreed to participate in coordination meetings, the student is the money to carry out parts of their lives subsidies borne by the Red Cross issued a specific management of the funds.

But then the delay is too long, hemophilia and their families gathered on many occasions in Beijing, Shanghai.

In 2008, the student is issued a salvage agreement, but asked to give up legal proceedings in patients with hemophilia HIV. Infection has told reporters: "because life has forced a small number of infected persons accepted on the health of the condition."

Hardship claims or Xian Shuguang

The negotiations for years and not resolved, an infected person's judicial claim, also feel hard way. "One view even think that with the blood products-related enterprises through government intervention in the judiciary." The entire process involved in this incident, the Ministry of Health experts told reporters.

It is understood that after 2003, local courts in such cases and holding "will not be accepted without trial, non-judgment" attitude. Followed by those infected sought through letters and visits to resolve the issue of compensation.

November 24, 2008, the State Petition Office Reply petitioners infection: visiting matters, which shall be sequentially proceedings, to the people's court.

Li-Yin Lin told reporters, "In reply the State Letters and Visits Bureau, the blood of Friends of the HIV-infected people across the country a total of nine lawsuits filed, but still no progress, the District Court asked the parties to court over the mediation."

Although Li Dun in September 2009 submitted to the District People's Court of Guangdong Foshan, said in a testimony: "after 2006, the Ministry of Health's attitude is positive, the Ministry of Health advocates through judicial settlement. I have ministries or departments have seen the Ministry of Health officials were in support of judicial settlement. "

However, infected family members still think that: "China Pharmaceutical Group and even the Ministry of Health officials have accepted the District Court to intervene."

In September 2009, on the health of their former groups into China's biotech China Medical Group, has served as the deputy director of Health, the former Chinese Wang Feng, general manager of Bio-Technology Group, as party secretary of China Pharmaceutical Group.

Infected persons aware of a new opportunity, once again gather in Beijing to ask China Pharmaceutical Group to resolve the issue of compensation and responsibility.




By the end of December 2009, at the China Medical Group Building of negotiations, the student is the current Director YANG Zhong-dong and the party secretary of China Pharmaceutical Group, Li-feng said that the country is being introduced policy and we hope you return to the provinces to resolve dependencies. China Pharmaceutical Group, general manager of She Reuling in the negotiations, acknowledged that "Prior to 1995, corporate irresponsibility, but after 1996, enterprises have done wrong."


Infected person's attempt to claim the issue, interviews YANG Zhong-dong, its reporters that this issue needs to consult the views of China Pharmaceutical Group. The Li-feng, declined interview requests.

January 7, according to Xinhua News Agency, the Ministry of Health decided to hemophilia patients in the country and one by one registration system. Request ", the provincial health administrative departments shall designate a medical institution as a case of hemophilia at the provincial level information management center responsible for collecting and reporting information in this area in patients with hemophilia and coagulation factor Ⅷ and prothrombin complex supply and demand situation."

Li-Yin Lin believes that to solve the problem may be the dawn is coming.


(This article Source: Times Weekly)