译文：
控制阀的发展历史　　控制阀的发展与工业生产过程的发展密切相关。远古时期，人们为了调节河流或小溪的水流量，采用大石块或树干来阻止水的流动或改变水的流动方向。埃及和希腊文明发明了几种原始的阀门类型，用于农作物灌溉等。但是，普遍公认是古罗马人为了农作物灌溉而开发了相当复杂的水系统，采用旋塞阀和柱塞阀，并使用止逆阀防止水的逆流。文艺复兴时期，在艺术家和发明家达.芬奇(LeonardodaVinc)设计的沟渠、灌溉项目和其他大型水力系统项目中使用了阀门，他的许多技术方案现在仍实际存在。阀门工业的现代历史与工业革命并行，随着工业革命的深入，1705年，纽康曼(ThomasNewcomen)发明{dy}台工业蒸汽发动机，对蒸汽发动机的运行提出了控制要求，瓦特(JamesWatt)发明了{dy}台调节转速的控制器，其后，对流体流量的控制越来越被人们重视。最早的控制阀是1880年由WilliamFisher制造的泵调节器，这是一种带重锤的自力式控制阀，当阀后压力增大时，在重锤作用下，使控制阀开度减小，从而达到稳定压力的控制效果。　　在20世纪20～30年代，控制阀以阀体形状为球形的球形阀(ball valve)为主，其后，以V形缺口 (V-notch)的单座(single—port)和双座(double-ported)控制阀(globve)问世。40年代相继出现适用于高压介质的角形控制阀(anglve)、用于腐蚀性介质的隔膜控制阀(barrierdiaphragmvalve)和用于大流量应用的蝶阀(butterflyvalve)等，并研制了阀门定位器(valve positioner)等产品o 1949年在德国Leverkusen成立了化学和石化工业的{dy}个专业协会——测量与控制标准协会NAMUR(Normen Arbeitsgemein—schaftMeb-UndRegeltechnik)，并开展标准的制定工作。50~60年代出现了三通控制阀(three-wayvalve)，用于配比控制和旁路控制，也进一步展开对球阀的研究，出现了适用于大压差和降低噪声的套筒控制阀(cagve)。70年代套筒控制阀被广泛应用于工业生产过程的控制，研制的偏心旋转阀(eccentricplugvalve)成为角行程控制阀的佼佼者。偏心旋转阀具有良好的密封性、大的流通能力，可应用于较大压差场合。80年xx始，各种精小型控制阀诞生，它对控制阀执行机构进行的改革使控制阀的重量和高度下降，流通能力提高。90年xx始，随着计算机控制装置的广泛应用，对智能控制阀的要求也越来越强烈，相继诞生各种智能电气阀门定位器和带智能阀门定位器的现场总线控制阀。 2l世纪初，现场总线控制阀得到应用，随着控制功能的下移，对控制阀的要求也越来越高。　　控制阀与工业生产过程控制的发展同步进行。为提高控制系统的控制品质，对组成控制系统各组成环节提出了更高要求。例如，对检测元件和变送器要求有更高的检测和变送xx度，要有更快的响应和更高的数据稳定性；对控制阀等执行器要求有更小的死区和摩擦，有更好的复现性和更短的响应时间，并能够提供补偿对象非线性的流量特性等。同时，由于工业生产过程的大型化和精细化，对控制阀等也提出了更高要求。

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原文：
History of development control valve Control valve development and the development of industrial production processes are closely linked. In ancient times, people in order to regulate the water flow of rivers or streams, using large rocks or tree trunks to prevent the flow of water or change water flow direction. Egyptian and Greek civilization invented the valve several primitive types, used for crop irrigation. However, the generally recognized as the Romans developed for crop irrigation rather complex water system, using plug valves and plunger valve, and use the check valve to prevent water reflux. Renaissance period, up to the artists and inventors. Vinci (LeonardodaVinc) designed ditches, irrigation projects and other large-scale water system project in the use of valves, many of his technical solutions are still actually exists. Valve industry, the industrial revolution in modern history and in parallel, with the deepening of the industrial revolution, in 1705, Niukang Man (ThomasNewcomen) invented the first industrial steam engines, steam engine to run on the proposed control requirements watts (JamesWatt) Invention adjust speed of the first controller, and thereafter for fluid flow control are increasingly the attention of people. The first control valve was manufactured in 1880 by WilliamFisher pump regulator, which is a kind of heavy hammer of the Self-control valve, when the valve after the pressure increases, under the heavy hammer, so that control valve opening decreases, so as to achieve a stable pressure control effect. In the 20th century, 20 to 30 years, the control valve to body shape spherical spherical valve (ball valve) dominated, followed in order to V-shaped gap (V-notch) of the single-seater (single-port), and two-seater ( double-ported) Control Valve (globve) come out. 40 years appeared one after another for medium angular high pressure control valve (anglve), for corrosive media, diaphragm control valves (barrierdiaphragmvalve) and for large flow applications, Butterfly (butterflyvalve), etc., and developed a valve positioner ( valve positioner), etc. o 1949 in Leverkusen, Germany set up a chemical and petrochemical industry's first professional association - Measurement and Control Standards Association NAMUR (Normen Arbeitsgemein-schaftMeb-UndRegeltechnik), and conduct a standard setting process. 50 ~ 60 years appeared in three control valves (three-wayvalve), for the ratio control and bypass control, but also for further studies on the ball, there has been suitable for large pressure drop and noise reduction sleeve control valve (cagve). 70 years control valve sleeve is widely used in industrial production process control, the development of the eccentric rotary valve (eccentricplugvalve) a stroke control valve angle player. Eccentric rotary valve has a good sealing, large flow capacity, pressure can be applied to a larger forum. 80 years since the birth of a variety of fine small control valves, control valves its implementing agencies of the reforms of the weight and height control valves decreased ability to increase circulation. The 90s, with the extensive application of computer-controlled device, the smart control valve requirements are increasingly strong, one after another the birth of a variety of intelligent electric valve positioner and the smart valve positioner with a fieldbus control valve. 2l century, field bus control valves are applied, with the control the downward movement of the control valve requirements are getting higher and higher. Control valves and industrial production process control development simultaneously. To improve the control system controlling quality control system for the composition of the constituent links and set higher requirements. For example, the detection device and the transmitter requires a higher accuracy of detection and transmission, there must be a faster response and higher data stability; of control valve actuators require a smaller dead zone and friction , have a better reproducibility and shorter response time, and be able to provide compensation for non-linear flow characteristics of the object and so on. At the same time, due to large-scale industrial production processes and the refinement of control valves, also put forward higher requirements.