Collision domain is an Ethernet term used to describe a network collection of devices in which one particular device sends a packet on a network segment, forcing every other device on that same segment to pay attention to it. On a broadcast domain, a set of all devices on a network segment hear all broadcasts sent on that segment.
Hubs create one collision domain and one broadcast domain.
Bridges break up collision domains but create one large broadcast
domain. They use hardware addresses to filter the network. Switches are
really just multiple port bridges with more intelligence. They break up
collision domains but create one large broadcast domain by default.
Switches use hardware addresses to filter the network. Routers break up
broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to
filter the network. You must remember the seven layers of the OSI model and what
function each layer provides. The Application, Presentation, and
Session layers are upper layers and are responsible for communicating
from a user interface to an application. The Transport layer provides
segmentation, sequencing, and virtual circuits. The Network layer
provides logical network addressing and routing through an
internetwork. The Data Link layer provides framing and placing of data
on the network medium. The Physical layer is responsible for taking 1s
and 0s and encoding them into a digital signal for transmission on the
network segment. The three types of cables that can be created from an Ethernet
cable are straight-through (to connect a PC’s or a router’s Ethernet
interface to a hub or switch), crossover (to connect hub to hub, hub to
switch, switch to switch, or PC to PC), and rolled (for a console
connection from a PC to a router or switch).
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