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xx无谐波高压IGBT变频器- 学无止境- musiclover_ - 和讯博客

xx无谐波高压IGBT变频器 [转贴 2010-01-19 10:40:17] 删除...

作者：刘凤君来源：北京航天工业总公司二院206所

1前言

国外某公司利用一种新的高压变频技术，生产出功率为315kW～10000kW的xx无谐波高压变频器（PERFECTHARMONY），无需附加输出变压器实现了直接3kV或6kV高压输出；xx在高压变频器中采用了先进的IGBT开关器件；达到了xx的输入输出波形，无需附加任何滤波器就可以满足各国供电部门对谐波的严格要求；输入功率因数达到095以上；总体效率（包括输入隔离变压在内）高达97％。达到这样高指标的原因是因为采用了三项新的高压变频技术：一是在输出逆变器部分采用了具有独立电源单相桥式SPWM逆变器的直接串联叠加；二是在输入整流部分采用了多相多重叠加整流技术；三是在结构上采用了功率单元模块化技术。

2单相桥式SPWM逆变器的直接串联叠加

单相桥式SPWM逆变器的直接串联叠加法，是通过N个具有独立直流电源的单相桥式SPWM逆变器直接串联的方式级联而成的，这是专为高压大功率逆变器使用的一种串联叠加法。此法是用N个依次移开2π/N相位角的载波三角波，与同一个正弦调制波进行比较产生出N组控制信号，用这N组控制信号（N组信号依次相差2π/N相位角）去依次控制N个具有独立直流电源的单相桥式SPWM逆变器，使每一个单相桥式逆变器输出相同的基波电压，然后将N个单相桥式逆变器的输出电压串联起来，就可以得到多电平SPWM无谐波电压输出，这种串联不存在均压问题。

21两个单相桥式SPWM逆变器的串联叠加

现个具有独立直流电源单相桥式SPWM逆变器的直接串联叠加电路如图1所示。由于N0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109242394.JPG" width="16" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109242886.JPG" width="16" height="24">=2，所以载波三角波的移相角α==π(=180°)。对于三相输出逆变器来说，其A相电路由两个单相桥式SPWM逆变器A1和A2串联组成。A1的载波三角波的移相角α=0；A2的载波三角波的移相角α=(=180°)。A1和A2的载波三角波用同一个A相的正弦波进行调制。这样就可以得到A1的输出电压 up1、A2的输出电压up2。up1和up2具有相同的基波电压。A1和A2串联后的输出电压uA=up1＋up2就是输出为正弦波的无谐波电压、其波形如图2所示。

图1两个单相桥式SPWM逆变器的串联叠加

图2A1及A2串联叠加后的波形

为了求出单相桥式SPWM逆变器A1、A2的输出电压up1、up2的SPWM波形，必须先求出SPWM波形中各脉冲前、后沿a、b点的座标，为此先列出载波三角波的方程式：

对于单相逆变器A1α=0

对于单相逆变器A2α=180°0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109242708.JPG" width="184" height="90">（2）

K=0，±1，±2…

调制波的方程式为：us(t)=Ussinωst（3）0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109243187.JPG" width="51" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109243708.JPG" width="52" height="24">假定载波比，调制比。

对于单相逆变器A2的输出电压up2的波形，

在采样点a：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109243728.JPG" width="111" height="24">Ussinωst=－

令ωst=Y；ωct=X，

则X=2πK＋π－α－πMsinY

在采样点b：X=2πK＋π－α＋πMsinY

从图2中A2的up2波形可知：X=ωct在2πK＋α到2π(K＋1)＋α区间内，在a、b点之间得到up2的正脉冲，故可以得到up2的SPWM波的时间函数式为：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109243612.JPG" width="161" height="64">up2(X，Y)=(4)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109243282.JPG" width="14" height="24">Y=X

函数up2(X，Y)可以用双重付里叶级数表示：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109243387.JPG" width="11" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109244489.JPG" width="17" height="30">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109244638.JPG" width="17" height="30">up2(X，Y)=Aoo＋(AoncosnY＋BonsinnY)＋0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109244188.JPG" width="17" height="30">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109245237.JPG" width="17" height="30">(AmocosmX＋BmosinmY)＋{Amncos(mX＋nY)＋Bmnsin(mX＋nY)}

式中：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109245931.JPG" width="68" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109245787.JPG" width="59" height="11">Amn＋jBmn=up2(X，Y)

将式（4）代入上式得：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109245864.JPG" width="24" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109245488.JPG" width="127" height="23">Amn＋jBmn=0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109245939.JPG" width="54" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109246645.JPG" width="192" height="24">=

由贝塞尔函数得：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109246943.JPG" width="171" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109246840.JPG" width="178" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109246465.JPG" width="54" height="24">所以：Amn＋jBmn=

0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109247111.JPG" width="171" height="24">·〔〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109247508.JPG" width="18" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109247756.JPG" width="120" height="11">=j(5)

当n0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109248695.JPG" width="31" height="11">为奇数时，=20 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109248518.JPG" width="18" height="24">所以：Amn＋jBmn=jJn(mMπ)

·〔cosm(π－α)＋jsinm(π－α)〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109248723.JPG" width="18" height="24">Amn=－Jn(mMπ)sinm(π－α)；0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109248556.JPG" width="18" height="24">Bmn=Jn(mMπ)cosm(π－α)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109248569.JPG" width="32" height="11">当m=0时=10 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109249299.JPG" width="55" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109249872.JPG" width="38" height="11">Aon＋Bon=up2(X，Y)

因为up2(X，Y)是奇函数，故得：

Aon=00 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109249590.JPG" width="42" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109249199.JPG" width="50" height="11">Bon=up2(X，Y)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109249336.JPG" width="24" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109250538.JPG" width="67" height="23">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109250925.JPG" width="50" height="11">=

当n=1时，Bo1=ME；当n≠1时，Bon=0

故得up2的SPWM波形的双重付里叶级数式为：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109250443.JPG" width="69" height="40">up2(t)=MEsinωst＋cosm(π－α)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109250797.JPG" width="48" height="24">·sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109251146.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109251502.JPG" width="48" height="24">－sinm(π－α)

·cos〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(6)

由于A1的载波三角波的α=0；由于A2的载波三角波的α=π，A1和A2用的又是同一个正弦调制波，所以由式（6）可得：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109251640.JPG" width="69" height="40">up1（t）=MEsinωst＋cosm(π－0)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109251966.JPG" width="48" height="24">·sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109251225.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109252316.JPG" width="48" height="24">－sinm(π－0)

cos〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(7)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109252619.JPG" width="69" height="40">up2（t）=MEsinωst＋cosm(π－π)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109253171.JPG" width="48" height="24">·sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109253141.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109253922.JPG" width="48" height="24">－sinm(π－π)

·cos〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(8)

由于up1（t）和up2（t）的基波电压相同；同时又有sinm(π－0)＋sinm(π－π)=0。对于cosm(π－0)＋coom(π－π)：当m等于偶数时等于2；当m为奇数时等于零，所以式（7）和式（8）相加得到的uA的双重付里叶级数式为：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109253916.JPG" width="69" height="40">uA=up1（t）＋up2（t）=2MEsinωst＋0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109253881.JPG" width="48" height="24">sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(9)

由式（9）可知：N=2的串联叠加在逆变器A相输出电压中得到的是五电平电压输出。在uA中不再包含2F±1次以下的谐波，仅包含2F±1以上的谐波。uA=up1（t）＋up2（t）的波形如图2所示。

22N个单相桥式SPWM逆变器的串联叠加

当N0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109253657.JPG" width="16" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254221.JPG" width="16" height="24">取等于或大于2的任一自然数时，都可以利用上述直接串联叠加的方法，其电路如图3所示，以xxSPWM波形中小于NF±1的谐波成分。其载波三角波的移相角依次移开2π/N。对于A相，单相逆变器A1的α=0，A2的α=2π/N，A3的α=·(3－1)…AN的α=·（N－1），A1～AN用同一个A相正弦波作调制波，得到A1～AN的输出电压up1(t)～upN(t)：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254505.JPG" width="69" height="40">up1(t)=MEsinωst＋cosm(π－0)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254796.JPG" width="48" height="24">·sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254489.JPG" width="54" height="30">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254908.JPG" width="48" height="24">－sinm(π－0)

·cos〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(10)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254110.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109254824.JPG" width="16" height="24">up2(t)=MEsinωst＋cosm(π－)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109255156.JPG" width="48" height="24">·sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109255444.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109255699.JPG" width="16" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109255291.JPG" width="48" height="24">－sinm(π－)

图3N个独立电源直接串联叠加

·cos〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(11)

……0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256406.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256249.JPG" width="53" height="24">upN(t)=MEsinωst＋cosm〔π－〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256163.JPG" width="48" height="24">·sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256735.JPG" width="69" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256965.JPG" width="53" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256392.JPG" width="48" height="24">－sin〔π－〕

cos〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(12)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256415.JPG" width="16" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256332.JPG" width="53" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256761.JPG" width="16" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256799.JPG" width="53" height="24">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256930.JPG" width="17" height="30">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256783.JPG" width="16" height="24">由于up1(t)～upN(t)具有相同的基波电压，同时sinm(π－0)＋sinm(π－)＋…sinm〔π－〕=0；对于cosm(π－0)＋cosm(π－)＋…＋cosm〔π－〕=cosm(π－G)的值，它与N和m的值如表1所示。0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256202.JPG" width="17" height="30">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256500.JPG" width="16" height="24">表1cosm(π－G)与N、m的关系 0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109256500.JPG" width="17" height="30">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257528.JPG" width="16" height="24">即：cosm(π－G)=±N（m等于奇数时取负号，m等于偶数时取正号）

所以：A相的输出电压uA等于：

uA=up1(t)＋up2(t)＋…＋upN(t)0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257274.JPG" width="47" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257731.JPG" width="23" height="32">=NMEsinωst±0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257600.JPG" width="48" height="24">sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(13)

例如N=5时：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257999.JPG" width="44" height="40">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257157.JPG" width="23" height="32">u5=5MEsinωst－0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257987.JPG" width="48" height="24">sin〔(mF＋n)ωst〕(14)

当N=5时串联叠加后在A相输出电压中将得到11电平电压输出，在uA中将不再包含5F±1以下的谐波，而只包含5F±1以上的谐波，其波形如图4所示。

由式（13）可知：采用N个具有独立电源的单相桥式SPWM逆变器的直接串联叠加后，在A相输出电压中将得到（2N＋1）个电平的电压输出，在uA的双重付里叶级数中可以xxNF±1次以下的谐波，。例如当开关频率fs=6000Hz，载波比F0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257964.JPG" width="14" height="24">==120，N=5时，在A相输出电压的付里叶级数式中，将可以xx5×120±1=600±1次以下的谐波，故称作无谐波（Harmony）逆变器（意即无低次谐波）。

n=±1,±3

图4当N=5时串联叠加的输出电压波形

图518相三重叠加整流电路

3多相多重叠加整流

xx无谐波高压变频器的输入整流器部分主要采用的是18相三重叠加整流方式，和30相五重叠加整流方式。

3118相三重叠加整流0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257609.JPG" width="24" height="24">18相三重叠加整流电路与波形图如图5所示。输入变压器采用Y/ΔΔΔ接线的18相整流电路，输入变压器的三组次级绕组依次滞后=20°相位角，并各向一个三相桥式整流器供电、三个三相桥式整流器单独输出，输出直流电流为Id。变压器的初级输入电流ia0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257567.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257374.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257297.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109257646.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109258382.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109258343.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109258704.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259332.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259816.JPG" width="9" height="11">=＋＋，、和为与三个次级绕组相对应的初级供电电流。经过、和三重叠加后的初级电流ia变成了十梯级等阶宽阶梯波，因此可以用Biriger公式来计算ia的基波与各次谐波的幅值：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259931.JPG" width="98" height="30">式中：n为谐波幅值：0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259943.JPG" width="16" height="24">n＊=n()为相应于n的谐波次数；

δi为在ti点的跳跃值，n=1,2,3…m；

T为函数重复周期。

用Biriger公式对ia的十梯级等阶宽阶梯的基波与各次谐波幅值进行计算可得

Imn0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259588.JPG" width="49" height="27">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259955.JPG" width="150" height="14">=〔0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259324.JPG" width="248" height="14">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259423.JPG" width="261" height="14">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259222.JPG" width="81" height="14">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259683.JPG" width="43" height="26">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259993.JPG" width="38" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259631.JPG" width="33" height="24">〕=()〔0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/20097109259584.JPG" width="193" height="24">〕(15)

用此式算出基波与各次谐波幅值为：

Im1=3.175Id；Im5=0.144Id；Im7=0.0838IdIm11=0.053Id；Im13=0.0554Id…

故输入电流ia的付里叶级数式为：

〔sinωt＋0.045sin5ωt＋0.0264sin7ωt＋0.0167sin11ωt

＋0.0174sin13ωt＋0.0588sin17ωt0.034sin19ωt〕

(16)

由此式可知ia的低次谐波含量大大减小。

3230相五重叠加整流

用Y/ΔΔΔΔΔ接线输入变压器的30相五重叠加整流电路与输入电流ia0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930987.JPG" width="51" height="24">的波形如图6所示，输入变压器的五组次级绕组依次滞后相位角，每一组次级绕组向一个三相桥式整流器供电，五个三相桥式整流器单独输出，输出直流电流为Id0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930764.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930414.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930132.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930647.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930901.JPG" width="9" height="11">。与五个次级绕组相对应的初级输入电流为、、、和，变压器初级输入电流ia0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930308.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930292.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930106.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930429.JPG" width="9" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930381.JPG" width="9" height="11">=＋＋＋＋。五重叠加后的输入电流ia的波形是16梯级等阶宽阶梯波。用Biriger公式对它的基波与各次谐波幅值进行计算得：

Im0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710930518.JPG" width="43" height="26">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710931246.JPG" width="38" height="11">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710931153.JPG" width="120" height="24">n=()〔0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710931199.JPG" width="241" height="24">〕

图630相5重叠加整流电路

图7功率单元模块电路示意图

用此式算出基波与各次谐波的幅值为：

Im1=5.274Id；Im5=0.220Id；Im7=0.118IdIm11=0.055Id；Im13=0.0433Id；Im17=0.033IdIm19=0.0317Id；Im23=0.0358Id；Im25=0.0026Id 输入电流ia的付里叶级数式为：

ia0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710931688.JPG" width="37" height="27">0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710931825.JPG" width="186" height="24">=(0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=700){this.width=700;this.height=image.height*700/image.width;}}" src="http://www.elecfans.com/article/UploadPic/2009-7/2009710931722.JPG" width="111" height="24">＋)(sinωt＋0.0417sin5ωt

＋0.0223sin7ωt＋0.0104sin11ωt＋0.0082sin13ωt

＋0.0063sin17ωt＋0.006sin19ωt＋0.0067sin23ωt

＋0.00048sin25ωt＋…）（18）

由此式可知25次以下的谐波大大减小了。

4功率单元模块化

为了便于生产和维修，xx无谐波高压变频器采用了功率单元模块化方式，功率单元模块的电路如图7所示。它是由熔断器、三相桥式整流器、直流滤波电容及IGBT单相全桥逆变器组成的电压型功率单元。单元中的直流滤波电容要足够大，以使变频器可以承受30％的电源电压下降和5个周波的电源电压失电。

用33kVIGBT开关器件组成的功率单元，可以输出4160V中压的、两个功率单元串联的SPWM电压源变频器如图8所示。由于串联的功率单元个数少，为了获得优良性能，在变频器的输出端可以附加输出交流滤波器。输入整流电源采用的是18相三重叠加整流器。

采用五个电压为690V的IGBT功率单元串联，输出电压为6000V的电压源变频器电路如图9所示。由于采用的是具有独立直流电源的功率单元模块的串联，所以不存在均压问题。功率单元中IGBT的开关频率为600Hz，每相有五个功率单元串联，所以输出相电压的等效开关频率为 6000Hz。输入整流电路采用的是6000V的电压源变频器30相五重叠加整流电路，输入电流失真为08％，输入电压失真为12％，输入输出电压和电流的波形非常接近于正弦。

图8两个功率单元串联的SPWM电压源变频器（输出电压4160V）

图9五个功率单元串联的输出电压为

5结语

这种xx无谐波高压IGBT变频器，解决了高压变频器存在的开关器件串联均压、谐波和效率三大难题。采用具有独立直流电源单相桥式SPWM 逆变器的直接串联叠加技术，减小了输出电压的低次谐波，方便了输出电压的调节，xx了开关器件串联的稳态和动态均压问题，减少了单个开关器件的开关频率，提高了逆变效率；采用多相多重叠加整流技术，减小了输入电流谐波，减少了对市电电网的污染，提高了输入功率因数；采用功率单元模块化技术方便了安装与维修，提高了变频器的可靠性。

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