The PLA is known having been seeking long-range land-attack cruise missile (LACM) technology since the early 1990s. So far a number of cruise missile programmes have been reported, though no detailed information has yet been published. China’s development of strategic LACM may have been assisted by Russian and Ukrainian technologies. Some sources predicted that the first operational deployment of Chinese indigenous LACM took place in 2004~2005. The PLA Second Artillery Corps has formed a cruise missile brigade based at Jianshui, Yunnan Province in southern China. The unit operates China’s first operational LACM designated DongHai 10 (DH-10), also known as ChangJian 10.

据悉PLA从1990年早期以后寻求远程陆基-攻击巡航导弹（LACM）技术。到现在为止许多的巡航导弹计划已经被透露，尽管没有公布详细数据。中国发展战略LACM可能已经获得俄国和乌克兰的技术协助。一些消息来源猜测中国的国产LACM{dy}次操作部署在2004~2005年进行。PLA第二炮兵已经在中国南部云南省建水组建巡航导弹xx。在xx中服役的中国{dy}种可操作LACM指定为东海-10（DH-10），也即是长剑-10。

During the 1991 Gulf War, 80% of the Tomahawk cruise missiles launched by the U.S. forces hit their targets within 3 meters of the aim point after a 1,600km journey. The PLA took note of the magnificent performance of these weapons and has been focusing its efforts on acquiring cruise missiles and their relevant technologies since the early 1990s. China is keen to develop its own Tomahawk-like long-range cruise missiles to deliver conventional and unconventional payloads. This is a time-consuming, technically challenging, and costly endeavour, but it offers China an opportunity to strengthen its manufacturing and technical capabilities, and it could become a source of national pride.

在1991年海湾战争时，美军发射的“战斧”巡航导弹中的80%在飞行1,600公里之后，在3米误差内击中了它们的目标。其实PLA在1990年早期就注意到这些武器出色性能并且集中它的能力去获得巡航导弹和相关技术。中国很想发展它自己的像“战斧”一样的远程巡航导弹递送常规和非常规负载。这是一项耗时，技术上挑战性和昂贵的努力，但是它提供中国一个机会加强它的工业和技术上的能力，而且它可以成为国家尊严的一个来源。

China’s LACM research and development is aided by an aggressive effort to acquire foreign cruise missile technology, particularly from Russia and Ukraine. China also seeks dual-use technologies and subsystems from the United States and other foreign countries. According to a recent report, Ukraine exported at least 18 examples of the 3,000km-range, nuclear capable Kh-55 (NATO codename: AS-15 Kent) strategic cruise missiles to China and Iran between 1999 and 2001. China may have also obtained the design of the Kh-65SE, a shorter-range export version of the Kh-55 from Russia.

中国的LACM研究和发展被一个进取性的努力帮助去想方设法获得国外巡航导弹技术，特别地从俄国和乌克兰。中国也寻求从美国和其他国家获得的双重-应用技术和子系统。依照一份最近的报告，在1999年和2001年之间乌克兰至少对中国和伊朗出口了18枚3,000公里射程核能力的Kh-55（北约代号：AS-15“肯特”（Kent））战略巡航导弹。中国可能也获得Kh-65SE的设计，一种来自俄国的Kh-55近程外销型号。
Guidance

The guidance system represents the most significant challenge for a long-range cruise missile programme. The proposed Chinese cruise missile is likely going to be equipped with a multiple guidance system with an inertial navigation system (INS), global positioning system (GPS), and terrain comparison (TERCOM).

制导

制导系统代表远程巡航导弹计划最重要的挑战。正在发展的中国巡航导弹或许采用多重制导系统包括惯性导航系统（INS），全球定位系统和地形匹配（TERCOM）。

China would require an extensive database of accurate topographic information to use terrain comparison (TERCOM) guidance. But TERCOM would probably be relatively ineffective in areas such as the South China Sea, which present few navigational reference points. Published reports suggest that GPS would initially be used as the primary guidance system, possibly to be supplemented subsequently with TERCOM.

中国需要一个大规模xx地形信息数据库去用于地形匹配（TERCOM）制导。但是TERCOM会或许存在相对无效的区域如南海上，存在很少的导航参照点。公开的报道指出全球定位系统在初始阶段当作主要的制导系统使用，可能其后采用TERCOM修正。

The potential use of the American GPS system would render this system vulnerable to jamming of the unencrypted civil signal (CA code) from GPS satellites within view of the Chinese area of operations, or to local jamming and spoofing in the target area. Chinese cruise missiles could still find their targets using inertial navigation system (INS) technology, but without GPS updates they would be significantly less accurate.

可能应用美国GPS的非加密民用信号（CA码）致使这种系统脆弱，GPS卫星在中国操作区域受干扰，或在目标区域局部干扰和欺骗。中国巡航导弹可以使用惯性导航系统（INS）技术能够仍然到达它们的目标，但是没有全球定位系统补充数据，它们将非常缺乏足够精度。

It is likely that even if the US tried to deny GPS signals to China, the PLA’s cruise missiles could still function via the Russian GLONASS, or in the future the European GALILEO navigation signals. China is also developing its own “Compass Satellite Navigation System”, which would eventually comprise 5 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites and 30 medium Earth orbit satellites to provide a global cover.

有可能即使美国设法对中国关闭GPS信号，PLA的巡航导弹可以经由俄国GLONASS（俄国版的全球导航卫星系统）仍然运行，或将来欧洲的伽利略导航卫星系统的信号。中国也正在发展它自己的“北斗”导航卫星，将{zh1}包含5枚地球静止轨道（GEO）人造卫星和30颗中轨道人造卫星提供全球覆盖。

Powerplant

China is relatively experienced in small turbofan engine technology. China has developed a range of small turbojet engines to power its anti-ship cruise missiles such as HY-4 (C-401) and YJ-82 (C-802). China is also actively seeking to develop the more advanced turbofan engine for its next generation fighter aircraft. China has developed 16.87kN thrust WS-11 turbofan engine to power its JL-8/K-8 jet trainer aircraft. The same technology can used to develop a suitable turbofan engine for the cruise missile.

动力装置

中国相对来讲在小型涡喷发动机技术方面有经验。中国已经发展多种小型涡喷发动机为它的反舰巡航导弹提供动力，例如HY-4（C-401）和YJ-82（C-802）。中国正在积极地寻求发展更先进的涡扇发动机用于它的下一代战斗机。中国已经发展16.87 kN推力WS-11涡扇发动机为它的JL-8/K-8喷气教练机提供动力。相同的技术能用于为巡航导弹发展一种适当的涡扇发动机。

Warhead

As well as nuclear warhead and conventional high-explosive (HE) warhead, the future Chinese cruise missile may also be able to carry special warhead such as electromagnetic pulse (EMP).

弹头

核弹头和常规高爆（HE）弹头，将来的中国巡航导弹也可能能够携带特殊弹头，像是电磁脉冲（EMP）弹头。

Units

·821 Brigade

单位

·821 旅