原文：
各种液压控制阀的规格型号，可以系统的{zg}压力和通过阀的实际流量（从工况图和系统图查得）为依据并考虑阀的控制特性、稳定性及油口尺寸、外形尺寸、安装连接方式、操纵方式等，从产品样本或型录中选取。金泽液压生产的液压系统中配套各类液压控制阀选择注意事项如下： 1、液压阀的实际流量 液压阀的实际流量与油路的串、并联有关：串联油路各处流量相等；同时工作的并联油路的流量等于各条油路流量之和。此外，对于采用单活塞杆液压缸的系统，要注意活塞外伸和内缩时的回油流量的不同：内缩时无杆腔回油与外伸时有杆腔回油的流量之比，与两腔面积之比相等。 2、液压阀的额定压力和额定流量 各液压控制阀的额定压力和额定流量一般应与其使用压力和流量相接近。对于可靠性要求较高的系统，阀的额定压力应高出其使用压力较多。如果额定压力和额定流量小于使用压力和流量，则易引起液压卡紧和液压动力并对阀的工作品质产生不良影响；对于系统中的顺序阀和减压阀，其通过流量不应远小于额定流量，否则易产生振动或其他不稳定现象。对于流量阀，应注意其最小稳定流量。 3、液压阀的安装连接方式 由于阀的安装连接方式对后续设计的液压装置的结构型式有决定性的影响，所以选择液压阀时应对液压控制装置的集成方式做到心中有数。例如采用板式连接液压阀，因阀可以装在油路板或油路块上，一方面便于系统集成化和液压装置设计合理化，另一方面更换液压阀时不需拆卸油管，安装维护较为方便；如果采用叠加阀，则需根据压力和流量研究叠加阀的系列型谱进行选型，等等。 4、方向控制阀的选用 对于结构简单的普通单向阀，主要应注意其开启压力的合理选用：较低的开启压力，可以减小液流经过单向阀的阻力损失；但是，对于作背压阀使用的单向阀，其开启压力较高，以保证足够的背压力。对于液控单向阀，除了本款换向阀中相关的注意事项外，为避免引起系统的异常振动和噪音，还应注意合理选用其泄压方式：当液控单向阀的出口存在背压时，宜选用外泄式，其他情况可选内泄式。 对于换向阀，应注意从满足系统对自动化和运行周期的要求出发，从手动、机械、电磁、电液动等型式中合理选用其操纵式。正确选用滑阀式换向阀的中位机能并把握其过渡准状态机能。对于采用液压锁（双液控单向阀）锁紧液压执行器的系统，应选用“H”、“Y”形中位机能的滑阀式换向阀，以使换向阀中位时，两个液控单向阀的控制腔均通油箱，保证液压控单向阀可靠复位和液压执行器的良好锁紧状态。所选用的滑阀式换向阀的中位机能在换向过渡位置，不应出现油路xx堵死情况，否则将导致系统瞬间压力无穷大并引起管道爆破等事故。

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译文：
Various hydraulic control valves and specifications, can the system maximum pressure and the actual flow through the valve (from the condition map and chart to look up) and consider the basis of the control valve characteristics, stability and the oil port sizes, dimensions, installation of connections, control methods, from product samples or catalog, select the. Kanazawa hydraulic hydraulic systems supporting the production of various types of hydraulic control valve selection considerations are as follows: 1, the actual flow of hydraulic valve The actual flow of hydraulic valves and Manifold series and parallel about: Tandem asphalt flow throughout the same; also work in parallel flow oil line is equal to the sum of each oil circuit flow. In addition, single-rod hydraulic cylinder system, pay attention to the shrink of the piston extended and the oil flow back to the time difference: the shrink chamber when Rod and extended back to the oil chamber when the rod back to the oil flow ratio, and the ratio of cavity area equal to two. 2, hydraulic valve rated pressure and rated flow The hydraulic control valve rated pressure and rated flow and its use should generally be close to the pressure and flow phase. For systems requiring high reliability, valve rated pressure should be more than the use of pressure. If the rated pressure and rated flow less than the use of pressure and flow are easily aroused and hydraulic locking valve hydraulic power and adversely affect the quality of work; the order for the system valves and pressure reducing valve, the through traffic should not be far smaller at rated flow, or easily create vibration or other instability. For the flow valve, should pay attention to the minimum stable flow. 3, the installation of hydraulic valve connection As the valve is designed for connection to the follow-up to the structural type of hydraulic device has a decisive influence, so select the hydraulic valve hydraulic control unit should be aware of the integration approach. For example, to connect the hydraulic valve with plate, because valves can be installed in the oil line oil circuit board or block, on the one hand to facilitate system integration and design of hydraulic equipment rationalization, on the other hand when the hydraulic valve replacement pipe without disassembly, installation and maintenance more convenient; If the superposition valve, you need to stack under the pressure and flow rate of valve-type spectra of a series of selection, and so on. 4, directional control valve selection The simple structure of the ordinary one-way valve, the main attention to its opening pressure should be a reasonable choice: a lower opening pressure, can reduce the flow resistance through the loss of one-way valve; However, to make use of one-way valve back pressure valve , the opening pressure is high to ensure sufficient back pressure. The check valve, valve in addition to this paragraph matters related to attention, to avoid the abnormal vibration and noise, the system should also pay attention to rational use of the pressure relief mode: When the export of check valve back there pressure, the better to use the leak-type, optional in other cases, vent type. The valve should pay attention to meet the system requirements of automation and operation period starting from the manual, mechanical, magnetic, electric and other types of hydraulic manipulation of rational use of its type. The correct selection of slide valve and valve function of the median quasi-state function to grasp the transition. The hydraulic lock (double check valve) locking hydraulic actuator system, should be used "H", "Y" shape in the slide valve position function valve, so that when the valve in place, 2 check valve control chamber through the tank are to ensure reliable reset check valve hydraulic control and hydraulic actuator locking state of the good. The selected slide valve type valve, the median function in the changing position of the transition, there should not be completely blocked oil line, otherwise the system will lead to infinite and instantaneous pressure blasting accidents caused by pipeline.