原文：
在焊接前投产前以及投产后的阀门专业养护工作，为阀门服务于生产运营中起着至关重要的作用，正确和有序有效的养护保养会保护阀门，使阀门正常发挥功能并且延长阀门使用寿命。阀门养护工作看似简单，其实不然。工作中常有被忽视的方面。 {dy}，阀门注脂时，常常忽视注脂量的问题。注脂枪加油后，操作人员选择阀门和注脂联结方式后，进行注脂作业。存在着二种情况：一方面注脂量少注脂不足，密封面因缺少润滑剂而加快磨损。另一方面注脂过量，造成浪费。在于没有根据阀门类型类别，对不同的阀门密封容量进行xx的计算。可以以阀门尺寸和类别算出密封容量，再合理的注入适量的润滑脂。 第二，阀门注脂时，常忽略压力问题。在注脂操作时，注脂压力有规律地呈峰谷变化。压力过低，密封漏或失效,压力过高，注脂口堵塞、密封内脂类硬化或密封圈与阀球、阀板抱死。通常，注脂压力过低时，注入的润滑脂多流入阀腔底部，一般发生在小型闸阀。而注脂压力过高，一方面检查注脂嘴，如是脂孔阻塞判明情况进行更换；另一方面是脂类硬化，要使用清洗液，反复软化失效的密封脂，并注入新的润滑脂置换。此外，密封型号和密封材质，也影响注脂压力，不同的密封形式有不同的注脂压力，一般情况硬密封注脂压力要高于软密封。 第三、阀门注脂时，注意阀门在开关位的问题。球阀养护时一般都处于开位状态，特殊情况下选择关闭保养。其他阀门也不能一概以开位论处。闸阀在养护时则必须处于关闭状态，确保润滑脂沿密封圈充满密封槽沟。而在开位，密封脂则直接掉入流道或阀腔，造成浪费。 第四、阀门注脂时，常忽略注脂效果问题。注脂操作中压力、注脂量、开关位都正常。但为确保阀门注脂效果，有时需开启或关闭阀门，对润滑效果进行检查，确认阀门阀球或闸板表面润滑均匀。 第五、注脂时，要注意阀体排污和丝堵泄压问题。阀门打压试验后，密封腔阀腔内气体和水分因环境温度升高而升压，注脂时要先进行排污泄压，以利于注脂工作的顺利进行。注脂后密封腔内的空气和水分被充分置换出来。及时泄掉阀腔压力，也保障了阀门使用安全。注脂结束后，一定要拧紧排污和泄压丝堵，以防意外发生。 第六、注脂时，要注意出脂均匀的问题。正常注脂时，距离注脂口最近的出脂孔先出脂，然后到低点，{zh1}是高点，逐次出脂。如果不按规律或不出脂，证明存在堵塞，及时进行清通处理。 第七、注脂时也要观察阀门通径与密封圈座平齐问题。例如球阀，如果存在开位过盈，可向里调整开位限位器，确认通径平直后锁定。调整限位不可只追求开或关一方位置，要整体考虑。如果开位平齐，关不到位，会造成阀门关不严。同理，调整关到位，也要考虑开位相应的调整。确保阀门的直角行程。 第八、注脂后，一定封好注脂口。避免杂质进入，或注脂口处脂类氧化，封盖要涂抹防锈脂，避免生锈。以便下一次操作时应用。 第九、注脂时，也要考虑在今后油品顺序输送中具体问题具体对待。鉴于柴油与汽油不同的品质，应考虑汽油的冲刷和分解能力。在以后阀门操作，遇到汽油段作业时，及时补充润滑脂，防止磨损情况发生。 第十、注脂时，不要忽略阀杆部位的注脂。 阀轴部位有滑动轴套或填料，也需要保持润滑状态，以减小操作时的摩擦阻力，如不能确保润滑，则电动操作时扭矩加大磨损部件，手动操作时开关费力。 第十一、有些球阀阀体上标有箭头，如果没有附带英文FIOW字迹，则为密封座作用方向，不作为介质流向参考，阀门自泄方向相反。通常情况下，双座密封的球阀具有双向流向。 第十二、阀门维护时，也要注意电动头及其传动机构中进水问题。尤其在雨季渗入的雨水。一是使传动机构或传动轴套生锈，二是冬季冻结。造成电动阀操作时扭矩过大，损坏传动部件会使电机空载或超扭矩保护跳开无法实现电动操作。传动部件损坏，手动操作也无法进行。在超扭矩保护动作后，手动操作也同样无法开关，如强行操作，将损坏内部合金部件。 综上所述，阀门维护保养是一门科学，它的成果看不到摸不着。真正地以科学的态度对待，才能使阀门维护工作达到应有的效果和应用的目的。

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译文：
Pre-production welding valves before and after commissioning professional conservation work for the valve manufacturing operations in the service plays a vital role, correct and orderly maintenance of effective conservation will protect the valve, the valve to function properly and extend valve life. Valve conservation seems to be simple, does not. Work, often overlooked aspect. First, the valve grease, it is often overlooked issue of the amount of grease. Grease gun refueling, the operator select the valves and grease coupling method was conducted after the grease job. There are two kinds of situations: the one hand, less fat less grease, sealing surface and accelerated wear due to lack of lubricant. On the other hand grease unnecessary wastage. That there is no according to valve type category, the valve sealing capacity of different accurate calculations. Can be calculated valve size and type of seal capacity, then a reasonable amount of grease into. Second, valve grease, often ignore the problem of stress. Operation in the grease, the grease pressure trough was changed regularly. Pressure is too low, seal leakage or failure, the pressure is too high, grease port plug, sealing ring and within the lipid hardening or ball valves, valve plate locking. Usually, fat injection pressure is too low, the injection of grease into the valve chamber more than the bottom, generally occurs in the small gate. The grease pressure is too high, while checking the grease mouth, hole blocking satisfied that the circumstances so fat replacement; the other hand, lipid hardening, to use the cleaning fluid, repeated failure to soften the seal fat, and inject new grease replacement . In addition, the seal type and sealing materials, also affected the grease pressure, different forms have different sealing resin injection pressure, in general, seal grease pressure is higher than the soft seal. Third, the valve grease, the attention to the problem valve in the switch position. Valve conservation in the open position when the general state of special circumstances, choose to close maintenance. Other valves can not always be punished in order to open spaces. Valve in the conservation must be turned off when, to ensure full of grease along the ring seal grooves. In the open position, sealing grease directly fall into the flow channel or valve chamber, resulting in waste. Fourth, the valve grease, the grease effect often ignore the problem. Operation pressure grease, grease, switch position are normal. However, to ensure that the effect of valve grease, and sometimes need to open or close the valve, lubricating effect on the inspection, confirmed that the ball valve or gate valve lubricant uniform surface. Fifth, the grease, we should pay attention to pressure relief valve and a plug of sewage problems. Pressure test valve, gas valve chamber sealed chamber and water temperature rises due to step-up, when to conduct the sewage grease relief, facilitate the smooth progress of the work the grease. Grease seal cavity after the air and water are full replacement out. Vent valve cavity pressure in time out, but also protects the use of safety valves. After greasing, be sure to tighten the wire blocking the sewage and pressure relief to prevent accidents. Sixth, the grease, we should pay attention to the issue of fat evenly. When the normal grease from grease port hole nearest the fat out of fat first, then to low, and finally the high point, successive out fat. If you do not follow the rules or no fat, prove the existence of plug, clean through timely treatment. Seventh, the grease should be observed when the diameter of valve seat ring flush with the problem. Such as ball valve, open spaces if there is interference, can be adjusted to the open spaces in the stopper, after the lock confirmation straight path. Adjust the limit not only the pursuit of a party on or off position, to consider the overall. If the open position flush, customs are not in place, will cause the valve loose. Similarly, adjusting the relations in place, but also the open spaces accordingly. Ensure that the right-angle valve travel. Eighth, the grease, the grease must seal the mouth. To avoid impurities, fat mouth or injection of lipid oxidation, rust-proof seal to smear grease to prevent rust. Applications for the next operation. Ninth, the grease should also consider the order in the next oil delivery in specific issues and problems. Given the quality of diesel and petrol, gasoline should be considered erosion and decomposition capability. Valve operation in the future, face petrol segment operations, the time to add grease to prevent wear and tear from happening. 10th, grease, do not ignore the valve stem parts grease. Parts of a sliding sleeve valve shaft or packing, also need to maintain lubrication to reduce friction during operation, if not to ensure lubrication, the electrical operation, increased torque and wear parts, a manual switch effortlessly. 11th, some ball valve marked with an arrow, if not with English FIOW writing, the direction was sealed seat role, not as a medium flow of information, the valve from the vent in the opposite direction. Typically, two-seater with two-way flow valve seal. 12th, valve maintenance, also pay attention to the first and the transmission of electric water problem. In particular, infiltration of rainwater in the rainy season. First, transmission or drive shaft cover to rust, and second, the winter freeze. Torque electric valve operation caused excessive damage to transmission components will load or super-torque motor protection tripped electric operation can not be achieved. Damage drive components, manual operation can not be. Protection action in the ultra-torque, the manual also can not switch, such as the forced operation, the damaged parts within the alloy. In conclusion, valve maintenance is a science, its results can not see or touched. Truly scientific attitude, can achieve the proper valve maintenance effectiveness and application purposes.