原文：
　 潜水排污泵是一种泵与电机连体,并同时潜入液下工作的泵类产品,与一般卧式泵或立式污水泵相比,潜水排污泵明显具有以下几个方面的优点:1.结构紧凑、占地面积小。潜水排污泵由于潜入液下工作,因此可直接安装于污水池内,无需建造专门的泵房用来安装泵及机,可以节省大量的土地及基建费用。2.安装维修方便。小型的潜水排污泵可以自由安装,大型的潜水排污泵一般都配有自动藕合装置可以进行自动安装,安装及维修相当方便。3.连续运转时间长。潜水排污泵由于泵和电机同轴,轴短,转动部件重量轻,因此轴承上承受的载荷(径向)相对较小,寿命比一般泵要长得多。4.不存在汽蚀破坏及灌引水等问题。特别是后一点给操作人员带来了很大的方便。5.振动噪声小,电机温升低,对环境无污染。 　 正是由于上述优点,潜水排污泵已越来越受到人们的重视,使用的范围也越来越广,由原来的单纯地用来输送清水到现在的可以输送各种生活污水、工业废水、建筑工地排水、液状饲料等等。在市政工程、工业、医院、建筑、饭店、水利建设等各行各业中起着十分重要的作用。 但是任何事物都是一分为二的,对于潜水排污泵来说最关键的问题是可靠性问题,因为潜水排污泵的使用场合是在液下;输送的介质是一些含有固体物料的混合液体;泵与电机靠得很近;泵为立式布置,转动部件重量与叶轮承受水压力同向。这些问题都使得潜水排污泵在密封、电机承载能力、轴承布置及选用等方面的要求比一般的污水泵要高。 为了提高潜水排污泵的寿命,现在国内外大部分厂家都在泵的保护系统上想办法,即在泵发生泄漏、过载、超温等故障时能进行自动报警,并自动停机备修。可是我们认为,在潜水排污泵中设置保护系统很有必要的,它能有效地保护电泵的安全运行。但这并不是问题的关键,保护系统只不过是在泵发生故障后的一种补救办法,是一种比较被动的办法。问题的关键应该是从根本着手,彻底解决泵在密封、过载等方面的问题,这才是一种较为主动的办法。为此我们把副叶轮流体动力密封技术及泵的无过载设计技术应用于潜水排污泵中来,较大提高了泵密封可靠性和承载能力,延长了泵的使用寿命。 一、副叶轮流体动力密封技术的应用 所谓的副叶轮流体动力密封是指在泵的叶轮后盖板背面附近同轴反方向安装一开式叶轮。当泵工作时,副叶轮随泵主轴一起旋转,副叶轮中的液体也会一起旋转,转动的液体会产生一个向外的离心力,这个离心力一方面顶住流向机械密封处的液体,降低了机械密封处的压力。另一方面阻止介质中的固体颗粒进入机械密封的摩擦副中,减少机械密封磨块的磨损,延长了其使用寿命。副叶轮除了起到密封作用外,还可以起到降低轴向力的作用,在潜污泵中轴向力主要是由液体作用在叶轮上的压差力和整个转动部分的重力所组成,这两个力的作用方向是相同的,合力是由两个力相加而成。可以看出,在性能参数xx相同的情况下,潜污泵的轴向力比一般卧式泵要大,而平衡难度比立式泵要难。所以在潜污泵中,轴承容易损坏其原因也是与轴向力大有着很大的关系。而如果安装了副叶轮,液体作用在副叶轮上压差力的方向是与上述两力的合力相反的,这样可以抵消一部分轴向力,也就起到了延长轴承寿命的作用。但是使用副叶轮密封系统也有一个缺点,那就是在副叶轮上要消耗一部分能量,一般在3%左右,但是只要设计合理,xx可以把这部分损失降低到{zd1}限度。 二、泵的无过载设计技术的应用 在一般的离心泵中,功率总是随着流量的增加而增加的,也就是说,功率曲线是一根随流量增加而上升的曲线,这对泵的使用会带来一个问题:当泵在设计工况点运行时,一般来说,泵的功率小于电机额定功率,这台泵的使用是安全的;但是当泵扬程降低时,流量就会增加(从泵的性能曲线可以看出),功率也随之增加。当流量超过设计工况点流量并到达一定值时,泵的输入功率可能会超过电机额定功率而造成电机过载而烧毁。电机过载运行时要么保护系统动作使泵停止转动;要么保护系统失灵使电机烧毁。泵的扬程低于设计工况点扬程使用的情况,在实际中也是经常会遇到的,一种情况是在泵选型时,泵的扬程选得过高,而实际使用时泵是降低扬程使用的;另一种情况是,在使用中泵的工况点不太好确定,换句话说泵的流量需要经常进行调节;还有一种情况是泵需要经常改变地点使用。这三种情况者陌可能使泵过载而影响泵的使用可靠性。可以这么说,对于没有全扬程特性的泵(包括潜水排污泵),其使用范围会受到很大程度上的限制。所谓的全扬程特性(也称无过载特征)是指功率曲线随流量增加而上升的速度非常缓慢,更理想的是当流量增加到某一定值时,功率不但不会再上升,反而会有所下降,也就是说功率曲线是一根有驼峰的曲线,如果这样的话,我们只要选择电机额定功率略超过驼峰点的功率值,那么在0流量到{zd0}流量的整个范围内,你无论在那一个工况点上运行,泵的功率都不会超过电机功率而使泵过载,对于具备这种性能的泵,无论是选型还是使用时,都会非常方便和可靠。另外电机功率也不需配得过大,可以节省可观的设备费用。

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译文：
Submersible sewage pump is a pump and motor Siamese, and also sneaked into the work of the pump liquid products, and generally horizontal or vertical sewage pump than the pump, diving pump obvious advantages with the following aspects: 1. compact, small footprint. Submersible sewage pump liquid as sneaking into work, it can be directly installed in the sewage pool, without the need for specialized pumping station pumps and machines used to install, can save a lot of land and infrastructure costs. 2. Easy installation and maintenance. Small, free installation of submersible sewage pump, submersible sewage pump large are generally equipped with automatic coupling device can be automatically installed, the installation and maintenance very easy. 3. Continuous operation a long time. Submersible sewage pump because the pump and motor coaxial, shaft short, rotating parts, light weight, so the pressure on the load bearing (radial) is relatively small, life is much longer than the pump. 4. There is no cavitation damage and irrigation water diversion issues. The latter point in particular to the operators is a big convenience. 5. Vibration noise, motor temperature and low environmental pollution. It is because of the advantages of submersible sewage pumps have been more and more people's attention, more and more widely used range, from the simply used to transport water to now the can transport a variety of domestic sewage, industrial waste, construction site drainage, liquid feed and so on. Municipal engineering, industrial, hospital, construction, hotels, water conservancy construction and other industries play an important role. However, everything is divided into two, and for diving sewage pump is the most critical issue is the reliability issue, because the use of submersible sewage pump occasions in the liquid; transport medium containing the solid materials are mixed liquid; the close proximity of the pump and motor; pump vertical layout, with the impeller rotating components to withstand the weight of water pressure in the same direction. These problems are made in a sealed submersible sewage pump, electrical load capacity, bearing arrangement and selection, and requirements of the sewage pump than the average higher. In order to improve the life of submersible sewage pump, most domestic manufacturers are now protected in the pump system to find ways that the leak in the pump, overload, over temperature and other failures can automatically alarm and automatically shut down equipment repair. However, we believe, set in the submersible sewage pump protection system is necessary, and can effectively protect the safe operation of electric pumps. But this is not the crux of the matter, the protection system is only failure in the pump after a remedy is a more passive approach. The key should be the fundamental set, completely solve pump seals, overload and other issues, this is a more proactive approach. To this end we Deputy impeller and pump fluid power sealing technology overload-free diving design technology applied to the sewage pump, pump seal greatly improved reliability and load capacity, longer pump life. First, Vice impeller fluid power sealing technology Under the so-called hydrodynamic seal is the impeller pump impeller in the back of the rear cover on the opposite direction near the installation of a coaxial open impeller. When the pump work, together with Vice-impeller with the pump shaft rotation, the liquid will be deputy with the impeller rotation, rotation of the liquid will produce an outward centrifugal force, the centrifugal force on the one hand the flow of mechanical seals withstand the liquid, reducing the mechanical seals pressure. On the other hand prevent the medium of solid particles into the friction pair of mechanical seals, mechanical seals to reduce wear of grinding blocks, extended its service life. Play a role in addition to sealing the Deputy impeller, but also may help reduce the role of axial force, the sewage pump is mainly in the axial force acting on the impeller on the liquid pressure force and the rotating part consisting of gravity, which The role of the two forces is the same direction, efforts made by the sum of two forces. Can be seen in the case of identical performance parameters, sewage pump of the axial force larger than the average horizontal pumps, vertical pumps and balanced than the harder difficulty. Therefore, sewage pump, the bearings are easily damaged its cause with a large axial force has a great relationship. If installed, the Deputy impeller, the impeller on the liquid pressure acting deputy direction of the force is the opposite of the two forces together, so you can offset part of the axial force, also played a role in extending bearing life. But Deputy impeller sealing system used has a drawback, that is to be consumed on the part of vice impeller energy, usually around 3%, but as long as the design is reasonable, this part of the loss can reduce to a minimum. Second, the pump design without the application of overload Centrifugal pumps in general, the power is always increased with increasing flow, that is, the power curve is an increase with the rising flow curve, which will bring the use of a pump problem: When pump design point runs, in general, the pump power is less than motor rated power, the use of this pump is safe; but when the pump head decreases, the flow will increase (from the pump performance curve can be seen) power also increases. When the flow exceeds design point flow and reached a certain value, the pump motor input power may exceed the rated power and causing motor overload and burn. Motor overload protection system running either the pump action to stop the rotation; or burn the motor protection system failure. Pump head below the design point lift usage in practice is often encountered, a situation is when the pump selection, pump head selected too high, but the actual use is to lower the lift pump use; the other is in use the pump to determine the operating point is not very good, in other words the pump flow needs frequent adjustment; also the case that the pump need to change locations frequently. These three cases are unfamiliar overload may affect pump pump reliability. It can be said, not all head for the characteristics of the pump (including submersible sewage pumps), its use will be largely limits. The so-called full-head characteristics (also called non-overload characteristics) is the power curve increase with increasing flow speed is very slow, even better is when the flow increased to a certain value, the power not only no longer rising, it will be down, which means a power curve is a hump in the curve, and if so, we select the motor rated power as long as just over the hump point power value, then the maximum flow in 0 traffic to the entire range, both in the one you operating point on the run, the pump power over motor power Er Shi would not overload the pump, pump for this capability, whether selection, or in time, will be very convenient and reliable. No motor power other with too much, can save considerable cost of equipment.