澶卞幓瑙嗚鍚庯紝鐩蹭汉涓嶅緱涓嶈浆鍚戝叾瀹冩劅瑙夛紝鍖呮嫭鍚銆佽Е瑙夈€佸懗瑙夈€佸梾瑙夊拰鏈綋瑙夛紝鎵嶈兘鏇村ソ鍦拌幏寰楀懆鍥寸幆澧冪殑淇℃伅銆備竴鑸涓猴紝鐩蹭汉鐨勫叾瀹冩劅瑙夊彲鑳戒細鍙樺緱寮傚父鏁忛攼銆傝澶氳涓虹爺绌惰瘉瀹炰簡杩欎釜鐚滄祴銆?/span>

    Lessard绛?/span>[1]瀵规棭鏈熺洸浜?/span>鈶?/span>鐨勫惉瑙夊畾浣嶈兘鍔涜繘琛屼簡娴嬭瘯锛岃姹傝璇曞垎鍒敤鍙岃€冲拰鍗曡€冲澹伴煶鏉ユ簮杩涜瀹氫綅銆傜粨鏋滄樉绀猴紝鍦ㄥ弻鑰虫潯浠朵笅锛岀洸浜哄拰姝ｅ父浜虹浉姣斿叿鏈夊悓鏍锋垨鑰呮洿濂界殑澹伴煶瀹氫綅鑳藉姏锛涘湪鍗曡€虫潯浠朵笅锛屾湁涓€鍗婄殑鐩蹭汉琚瘯鑳藉瀵瑰牭濉炶€充晶鐨勫０闊虫潵婧愯繘琛屽噯纭畾浣嶏紝浣嗘病鏈変竴涓甯镐汉鍏锋湁杩欐牱鐨勮兘鍔涖€傝繖璇存槑锛岀洸浜烘瘮姝ｅ父琚瘯鍏锋湁鏇村ソ鐨勫惉瑙夎兘鍔涖€傜爺绌惰繕鍙戠幇锛岃繖鏍风殑浠ｅ伩鑳藉姏涓庡け鏄庣▼搴︽湁鍏筹紝瀵逛簬鍏锋湁涓€瀹氭畫浣欒瑙夌殑鐩蹭汉锛屽氨娌℃湁杩欐牱鐨勫惉瑙夊畾浣嶈兘鍔涗紭鍔裤€?/span>

    鈶?/span>鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉銆佸悗鏈熺洸浜轰互鍙婂厛澶╃洸浜猴細杩欐槸鎸夌収鍏ㄧ洸璧峰鏃堕棿杩涜鐨勫垎绫汇€傞【鍚嶆€濅箟锛屾棭骞村け鏄庤€呯О涓烘棭鏈熺洸浜猴紝浣嗗浜庡叿浣撴椂闂撮檺瀹氭病鏈変竴鑷寸殑璁よ瘑锛屼絾澶у闄愬畾浜?/span>2-4宀佸墠锛涘湪杩欎互鍚庯紝鍒欎负鍚庢湡鐩蹭汉锛涘鏋滄病鏈夎鏄庯紝澶у鏂囩尞涔熸妸鍏堝ぉ澶辨槑鑰呭綊绫讳簬鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉銆?/span>

    Gougoux绛?/span>[2]鐨勯煶璋冭鲸鍒爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉鐨勯煶璋冭鲸鍒兘鍔涢珮浜庢甯镐汉銆傝璇曠殑浠诲姟鏄鲸鍒煶璋冨彉鍖栫殑鏂瑰悜锛堥鐜囧彉楂樿繕鏄彉浣庯級锛岀粨鏋滃彂鐜帮紝鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉鐨勬垚缁╂樉钁椾紭浜庡悗鏈熺洸浜哄拰姝ｅ父浜猴紝鑰屽悗鏈熺洸浜轰笌姝ｅ父浜哄垯娌℃湁鏄捐憲宸紓銆傝鐮旂┒杩樺彂鐜帮紝寮€濮嬪け鏄庣殑骞撮緞瓒婂皬锛岃浠诲姟鐨勬垚缁╄秺濂姐€備絾涔熸湁鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑澶辨槑寮€濮嬫椂闂村鐩蹭汉鐨勫惉瑙夎兘鍔涙病鏈夊奖鍝?/span>[3]銆?/span>

    闄や簡鍚澶栵紝鐩蹭汉瑙﹁鐨勭爺绌朵篃鑾峰緱浜嗗箍娉涚殑鍏虫敞銆傜洸鏂囬槄璇绘按骞宠兘澶熷緢濂界殑璇存槑鐩蹭汉鐨勮Е瑙夋晱閿愮▼搴︼紝鏈夌粡楠岀殑鐩蹭汉鐨勯槄璇婚€熷害鑳藉杈惧埌200瀛?/span>/姣忓垎閽熴€傝€?/span>Goldreich绛夌殑鐮旂┒鍒欒瘉瀹炰簡鐩蹭汉鍜屾甯镐汉鍦ㄨЕ瑙夋晱閿愮▼搴︿笂鐨勬樉钁楀樊寮?/span>[4]銆備粬浠鐩蹭汉鍜屾甯镐汉杈ㄥ埆琛ㄩ潰鍑归櫡鐨勬柟浣嶏紝鍒烘縺琛ㄩ潰鐨勬帴瑙﹂潰绉瓑灞炴€ч兘涓€鏍凤紝鍞竴鐨勫尯鍒氨鏄┖闂存柟浣嶇殑宸紓銆傜粨鏋滃彂鐜帮紝鐩蹭汉琚瘯鐨勬€绘垚缁╂樉钁楅珮浜庢甯镐汉,鑰屼笉鍚屽け鏄庤捣濮嬫椂闂村拰鐩叉枃闃呰缁忓巻瀵逛簬鐩蹭汉鐨勬垚缁╁苟娌℃湁鏄捐憲褰卞搷銆?/span>

    2 璺ㄦ劅瑙夐€氶亾閲嶇粍——琛屼负浠ｅ伩鐨勭缁忔満鍒?/span>

    鐩蹭汉鐨勮涓轰唬鍋跨幇璞¤幏寰椾簡璁稿鐮旂┒鐨勫箍娉涜鍚岋紝浣嗘槸浼撮殢鐫€琛屼负琛ㄧ幇鐨勫唴鍦ㄧ缁忔満鍒舵槸浠€涔堬紵棣栧厛锛屾垜浠浜嗚В鐩蹭汉鍦ㄥ惉瑙夈€佽Е瑙変换鍔℃椂鐨勫ぇ鑴戞椿鍔ㄦ儏鍐碉紝鑰?/span>ERP锛?/span>Event-related Potential锛夈€?/span>fMRI锛?/span>functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging锛夈€?/span>PET锛?/span>Positron Emission Tomography锛夌瓑鑴戞垚鍍忔妧鏈娇寰楃爺绌惰€呰兘澶熷浜虹被鐨勮剳鏈哄埗杩涜鏃犲垱鎬х殑鐮旂┒锛涚劧鍚庯紝鎴戜滑杩樿鏄庣‘杩欐牱鐨勫ぇ鑴戞椿鍔ㄦ槸鍚︾湡姝ｇ殑鍙備笌浜嗙洸浜烘晱閿愮殑鍚鍜岃Е瑙夛紝鑰?/span>TMS鑳芥殏鏃舵€с€佸彲閫嗘€х殑闃绘柇鎴栬€呭叴濂嬫煇浜涘眬閮ㄨ剳鍖猴紝骞惰瀵熺浉搴旂殑璁ょ煡鍜岃涓虹粨鏋滐紝杩欏氨浣垮緱鎴戜滑鑳藉鍦ㄦ棤鍒涚殑鍓嶆彁涓嬭繘琛屼汉绫昏璇曠殑澶ц剳涓庤涓哄叧绯荤殑鐮旂┒銆?/span>

    2.1 璺ㄩ€氶亾閲嶇粍鐨勮剳鎴愬儚璇佹嵁

    鎰熻鍣ㄥ畼鎶婂鐜鐨勭墿鐞嗗埡婵€杞崲鎴愮缁忓啿鍔紝缁忚繃涓€瀹氭劅瑙夐€氳矾鎶婄缁忓啿鍔ㄤ紶閫掑埌澶ц剳鐨眰銆備笉鍚岀殑鎰熻绯荤粺涓撳徃鏌愮鐗瑰畾鐨勫埡婵€鐗瑰緛锛屾瘮濡傚０闊冲埡婵€閫氳繃鐗瑰畾鐨勫惉瑙夐€氳矾浼犺緭鍒扮毊灞傚惉鍖猴紱鍚屾牱锛岃瑙夊埡婵€涔熼€氳繃鐗瑰畾鐨勮瑙夐€氳矾浼犻€掑埌鐨眰瑙嗗尯銆備絾鏄湪鏌愮鎰熻鍓ュず鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屾儏鍐靛氨鍙戠敓浜嗘敼鍙樸€傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐩蹭汉澶卞幓瑙嗚鐨勫師鍥犳槸闈炰腑鏋㈡€х殑锛屽嵆鍦ㄦ帴鍙楀拰浼犲叆瑙嗚淇℃伅鐨勮繃绋嬩腑鍙戠敓闃绘粸銆傜劧鑰岃瑙夌殑涓уけ骞朵笉鎰忓懗鐫€瑙嗙毊灞傜殑澶辨椿銆傚ぇ閲忕爺绌惰瘉瀹烇紝鐩蹭汉瑙嗙毊灞傚湪闃呰鐩叉枃銆佽Е瑙夊拰鍚杈ㄥ埆绛夐潪瑙嗚浠诲姟涓樉钁楁縺娲汇€傝繖涔熷氨鏄锛岃瑙夌毊灞傚師鍏堢殑“瑙嗚涓灑”鍔熻兘鍙戠敓浜嗗彉鍖栵紝鎴栬€呰鍙戠敓浜嗚法閫氶亾閲嶇粍銆?/span>

    Burton绛?/span>[5]璁╃洸浜洪槄璇荤洸鏂囧悕璇嶏紝琚瘯浠诲姟鏄骇鐢熶竴涓浉瀵瑰簲鐨勫姩璇嶏紝瀹為獙鐨勫悓鏃惰繘琛?/span>fMRI鎵弿銆傜爺绌跺彂鐜帮紝娑夊強瑙嗚鍔犲伐鐨勬灂鍙跺拰棰炲彾琚箍娉涙縺娲伙紝鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉鐨勫弽搴斿ぇ浜庡悗鏈熺洸浜恒€傜被浼肩粨鏋滃湪Pietrini绛?/span>[6]鐨?/span>fMRI瀹為獙涓篃寰椾互璇佸疄锛屽厛澶╃洸浜哄拰姝ｅ父浜哄垎鍒嚟鍊熻Е瑙夎繘琛岀墿浣撳拰闈㈠叿璇嗗埆浠诲姟锛屼袱缁勮璇曠殑鏋曞彾銆侀鍙剁瓑涓庤瑙夎吂渚ч€氳矾鐩稿叧鐨勫尯鍩熼兘寰楀埌浜嗘縺娲伙紝浣嗙洸浜虹殑婵€娲讳綋绉樉钁楀ぇ浜庢甯镐汉銆?/span>

    鏈夊叧ERP鐮旂┒涔熼棿鎺ヨ瘉瀹炰簡鐩蹭汉瑙嗙毊灞傚弬涓庝簡鍚浠诲姟銆?/span>Leclerc绛?/span>[7]璁╃洸浜哄拰姝ｅ父浜鸿繘琛屽０闊冲畾浣嶄换鍔★紝鍚屾椂璁板綍ERP銆傞€氳繃鍒嗘瀽鍚璇卞彂鐢典綅鐨?/span>N1鍜?/span>P3鎴愬垎鐨勫ご鐨垎甯冨彂鐜帮紝N1鍜?/span>P3鍦ㄥご鐨殑鍓?/span>-涓ぎ閮ㄤ綅锛?/span>FZ鍜?/span>CZ锛夎揪鍒板嘲鍊硷紝杩欏湪涓ょ粍琚瘯闂存病鏈夋樉钁楀尯鍒紱浣嗘槸瀵逛簬鐩蹭汉鏉ヨ锛岃繖涓ょ鎴愬垎涔熷垎甯冧簬鏋曞尯锛?/span>OZ锛夛紝鑰屾甯镐汉鍒欐病鏈夎繖鏍风殑鍒嗗竷銆?/span>

    涔熸湁鐮旂┒鍏虫敞鐩蹭汉鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄤ簡鏌愮鎰熻缃崲璁惧鍚庤繘琛岃瑙夌墿浣撹瘑鍒殑绁炵粡鏈哄埗銆?/span>De Volder绛?/span>[8]瀵圭洸浜轰娇鐢ㄨ秴澹板洖娉㈠畾浣嶄华锛?/span>ultrasonic echolocation device锛夋椂鐨勫ぇ鑴戞椿鍔ㄦ儏鍐佃繘琛屼簡PET鎵弿锛岃秴澹板洖娉㈠畾浣嶄华鍒╃敤瓒呭０鍘熺悊鎺㈡祴闅滅鐗╋紝骞朵笖鎶婁粠鐗╀綋杩斿洖鐨勮秴澹颁俊鍙疯浆鎹㈡垚浜虹被鑳芥劅鐭ョ殑鍚鍒烘縺浠ユ彁绀虹洸浜哄強鏃惰翰閬块殰纰嶃€傛棭鏈熺洸浜哄拰姝ｅ父瑙嗚琚瘯閮介鍏堢粌涔犱娇鐢ㄨ繖绉嶄华鍣ㄣ€傚湪瀹為獙涓紝鎵€鏈夎璇曡繘琛屼袱绉嶄笉鍚屼换鍔★紝鍒嗗埆鏄惉瑙夋帶鍒朵换鍔★紝浠ュ強搴旂敤瓒呭０鍥炴尝浠繘琛岀殑绌洪棿璺濈鍜屾柟浣嶄及璁′换鍔°€傜粨鏋滄樉绀猴紝鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉鐨勬灂鍖虹毊灞備唬璋㈢巼鍦ㄨ繘琛屾帶鍒朵换鍔℃椂鍗囬珮锛岃€屽湪浣跨敤瓒呭０鍥炴尝浠椂鏈夎繘涓€姝ュ崌楂樼殑瓒嬪娍銆傝€屾甯歌瑙夎璇曠殑鏋曞尯鐨眰浠ｈ阿鐜囨病鏈夊崌楂橈紝涓ょ浠诲姟涔熸病鏈夋樉绀鸿繖鏂归潰鐨勫樊寮傘€傝鐮旂┒璇存槑锛岀洸浜哄湪璁粌浣跨敤鎰熻缃崲璁惧鍚庯紝杩涗竴姝ヤ績杩涗簡璺ㄩ€氶亾閲嶇粍锛屽嵆瑙嗙毊灞傛洿鍔犵Н鏋佺殑鍙備笌浜嗘潵鑷笁缁寸┖闂寸殑鍚淇℃伅鐨勫姞宸ャ€?/span>

    2.2 璺ㄩ€氶亾閲嶇粍鐨勪綔鐢?/span>

    灏界澶ч噺鐮旂┒璇佹槑鐩蹭汉鐨勫惉瑙夊拰瑙﹁浠诲姟閮芥縺娲讳簡瑙嗚鐨眰锛屼篃鏈変汉璁や负锛岀洸浜鸿鍖虹殑鍙嶅簲骞朵笉浠ｈ〃鍏剁湡姝ｅ弬涓庝簡闈炶瑙変换鍔★紝鑰屽彧鏄竴绉嶉檮甯︾幇璞°€傝剳鎴愬儚鐮旂┒鏈韩闅句簬瑙ｇ瓟杩欎竴闂锛屼絾涓€浜?/span>TMS鐮旂┒鍒欐湁鏁堢殑璇佸疄浜嗘灂鍖虹‘瀹炲弬涓庝簡鐩蹭汉鐨勯潪瑙嗚浠诲姟銆?/span>

    Cohen绛?/span>[9]璁╃洸浜哄拰姝ｅ父瑙嗚琚瘯璇嗚鐩叉枃鎴栬€呮诞闆曠殑缃楅┈瀛楁瘝锛屽悓鏃剁敤閲嶅閫忛纾佸埡婵€锛?/span>rTMS锛夊7澶勫ご鐨綅缃繘琛屽埡婵€锛屽苟璁板綍璇嗚鎴愮哗銆傜粨鏋滃彂鐜帮紝瀵规棭鏈熺洸浜轰腑閮ㄦ灂鍖虹毊灞傜殑鍒烘縺鏄捐憲褰卞搷浜嗕换鍔℃垚缁╋紝鑰屽鍏堕槄璇绘墜鎸囧渚х殑鎰熻杩愬姩鐨眰鐨勫埡婵€骞朵笉褰卞搷浣滀笟鎴愮哗锛涘浜庢甯镐汉鍒欑浉鍙嶃€傝繖璇存槑锛屼綅浜庝腑閮ㄦ灂鍖虹殑瑙嗚鐨眰鍙備笌浜嗙洸鏂囧拰缃楅┈瀛楁瘝鐨勮Е瑙夋劅鐭ャ€?/span>Cohen绛?/span>[10]杩樿繘涓€姝ョ爺绌朵簡鐩蹭汉澶卞幓瑙嗚鐨勫紑濮嬫椂闂村璺ㄩ€氶亾閲嶇粍鍔熻兘鐨勫奖鍝嶃€傝璇曞寘鎷?/span>4涓厛澶╃洸浜恒€?/span>4涓棭鏈熺洸浜哄拰8涓悗鏈熺洸浜恒€備粬浠殑鐮旂┒棣栧厛璇佸疄鍏堝ぉ鐩蹭汉鍜屾棭鏈熺洸浜虹殑V1鍖哄湪闃呰鐩叉枃鏃舵縺娲伙紝浣嗗悗鏈熺洸浜烘病鏈夌被浼兼縺娲汇€傚悓鏃讹紝浠栦滑鐢?/span>rTMS鍒嗗埆浣滅敤浜庡厛澶╃洸浜恒€佹棭鏈熺洸浜哄拰鍚庢湡鐩蹭汉鐨勬灂鍙讹紝缁撴灉鍙戠幇TMS骞叉壈浜嗗厛澶╃洸浜哄拰鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉鐨勮Е瑙夎鲸鍒换鍔℃垚缁╋紝浣嗗浜庡悗鏈熺洸浜哄垯娌℃湁褰卞搷銆傜敱姝ゆ垜浠彲浠ヨ涓猴紝鐩蹭汉鐨勮法閫氶亾閲嶇粍纭疄鍙備笌浜嗗惉瑙夈€佽Е瑙夌瓑闈炶瑙夊姞宸ワ紝鑰屼笖杩欐牱璺ㄩ€氶亾閲嶇粍鍔熻兘鍏锋湁涓€瀹氱殑鍏抽敭鏈熴€?/span> 

    2.3 浠诲姟澶嶆潅鎬т笌瑙嗙毊灞傝法閫氶亾婵€娲荤殑鍏崇郴

    璁稿鐮旂┒璇佸疄锛屽苟涓嶆槸鎵€鏈夌殑鍚鍜岃Е瑙変换鍔￠兘鑳藉嫙闆嗚鍖猴紝鐩蹭汉瑙嗗尯鐨勬縺娲讳笌浠诲姟鐨勫鏉傜▼搴﹀彲鑳藉憟姝ｇ浉鍏筹紝鑰岄偅浜涚畝鍗曠殑鍚銆佽Е瑙夊埡婵€骞朵笉婵€娲昏鍖虹毊灞傘€?/span>

    鍦?/span>Cohen绛夌殑鐮旂┒[9,10]涓紝鎺у埗浠诲姟鏄琚瘯鐢ㄦ墜鎸囪交杞绘帬杩囪Е瑙夊埡婵€鑰屼笉闇€浣滃嚭浠讳綍鍒ゆ柇銆傜粨鏋滃彂鐜拌繖鏍风殑鎺у埗浠诲姟婵€娲讳簡鎰熻杩愬姩鍖哄拰椤跺彾鐨眰锛屼絾骞朵笉婵€娲绘灂鍖虹毊灞傦紝涓嶇鏄洸浜鸿繕鏄甯歌瑙夎璇曞潎濡傛銆傝繖鏍风殑缁撴灉涓?/span>Weeks绛?/span>[11]鐨勭爺绌剁粨鏋滃熀鏈竴鑷达紝鍦ㄥ惉瑙夊畾浣嶅疄楠屼腑锛屽厛澶╃洸浜哄惉鍒扮殑澹伴煶宸茬粡缁忚繃鏁板瓧鍖栧姞宸ワ紝浣垮緱琚瘯鎰熻鍏朵笉鏄潵鑷€虫満锛岃€屾槸鏉ヨ嚜绌洪棿涓殑鏌愪釜浣嶇疆銆傝璇曡繘琛屼袱绉嶄换鍔★紝涓€绉嶅彧鏄秷鏋佺殑鍚紝涓嶄綔鍑轰换浣曞垽鏂紱鍙﹀涓€绉嶅垯瑕佹眰琚瘯鍒ゆ柇澹伴煶鏉ユ簮鐨勬柟浣嶃€傚PET鏁版嵁杩涜鍒嗘瀽鏄剧ず锛岃鐨眰锛?/span>Brodmann18鍜?/span>19鍖猴級鍦ㄧН鏋佷换鍔′笅鏈夋樉钁楁縺娲伙紝浣嗗湪娑堟瀬鏉′欢涓嬪垯娌℃湁婵€娲汇€?/span> 

    Gizewski绛?/span>[12]璁╁厛澶╃洸浜哄拰鏃╂湡鐩蹭汉琚瘯杩涜4绉嶄换鍔★紝鍒嗗埆鏄洸鏂囬槄璇汇€佽鲸鍒棤鎰忎箟鐨勫渾鐐广€佸鎵嬫寚杩涜鐢电鑴夊啿鍒烘縺鍜屾墜鎸囪交鏁诧紝骞朵笖璁板綍fMRI淇″彿銆傛墍鏈夎璇曞湪鐩叉枃闃呰鍜屽渾鐐硅鲸鍒换鍔′腑閮芥樉绀?/span>V1銆?/span>V2鍜屾洿楂樼骇瑙嗗尯鐨勬樉钁楁縺娲伙紱鐢靛埡婵€鎵嬫寚婵€娲讳簡鍒濈骇浣撴劅鐨眰锛岃鐨眰鍗存病鏈変换浣曞弽搴旓紱绾补鐨勬墜鎸囨暡鍑昏繍鍔ㄦ縺娲讳簡涓ぎ鍓嶅洖鐨勭毊灞傦紝浣嗚鐨眰涔熷悓鏍锋病鏈夊弽搴旓紙瑙佸浘1锛夈€傝繖璇存槑锛岀函绮圭殑杩愬姩鍜屾劅瑙変换鍔″苟涓嶅鑷磋瑙夌毊灞傜殑婵€娲伙紝澶ц剳浼间箮鑳藉瀵?/span>“鎵嬫寚瑙﹁”鍜?/span>“鎵嬫寚闃呰”浣滃嚭鍒嗚鲸銆傝鐮旂┒璇存槑锛岀洸浜鸿鐨眰鐨勬縺娲讳笌鏇撮珮绾у拰澶嶆潅鐨勮鐭ユ椿鍔ㄦ湁鍏炽€傝€?/span>De Volder绛?/span>[8]鐨勭爺绌跺彂鐜版棭鏈熺洸浜虹殑鏋曞尯鐨眰浠ｈ阿鐜囧湪杩涜涓€鑸殑鍚杈ㄥ埆浠诲姟鏃跺崌楂橈紝鑰屽湪浣跨敤鎰熻缃崲璁惧鏃舵湁杩涗竴姝ュ崌楂樼殑瓒嬪娍锛岃繖涔熻鏄庡鏉備换鍔¤兘鏇存樉钁楃殑婵€娲昏鐨眰銆?/span>

    浠ヤ笂鐮旂┒璇佸疄锛岀洸浜哄湪杩涜澶嶆潅鐨勫惉瑙夈€佽Е瑙変换鍔℃椂浼撮殢鐫€瑙嗗尯鐨勬縺娲汇€傝€屼笖杩欐牱鐨勮鍖烘縺娲诲苟涓嶆槸鍓幇璞★紝鑰屾槸鐪熸鍙備笌浜嗙洸浜烘晱閿愮殑鍚鍜岃Е瑙夊姛鑳姐€傚綋鐒讹紝杩欏苟涓嶆槸璇磋法閫氶亾閲嶇粍鏄洸浜洪潪瑙嗚鎰熺煡瑙夎兘鍔涙彁楂樼殑鍞竴鏈哄埗銆傜洸浜哄け鍘昏瑙夊悗鍚鍜岃Е瑙夎兘鍔涚殑鎻愰珮杩樻秹鍙婂叾瀹冪缁忔満鍒讹紝濡傚惉瑙?/span>[13]鍜岃函浣撴劅瑙変腑鏋㈣嚜韬殑鎵╁紶[14]銆?/span>

    3 鏆傛椂绁炵粡鑱旂粨鐨勫浐鍖?/span>——璺ㄦ劅瑙夐€氶亾閲嶇粍鐨勭缁忓熀纭€

    涓婅堪鑴戞垚鍍忕瓑鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛岀洸浜鸿鍖鸿鍕熼泦鍙備笌浜嗗惉瑙夈€佽Е瑙夌瓑鍔犲伐杩囩▼銆備絾鏄紝鎴戜滑涓€鑸涓虹殑涓撳徃瑙嗚鐨勮瑙夌毊灞備负浣曡兘澶熷弬涓庡姞宸ラ潪瑙嗚鍔熻兘锛熷叾鑳屽悗鐨勭缁忓熀纭€鍙堟槸浠€涔堬紵

    鎴戜滑鍏堜粠鏅亶瀛樺湪鐨勭缁忓彲濉戞€ц皥璧枫€傜缁忓彲濉戞€ф槸鎸囩缁忕郴缁熶负涓嶆柇閫傚簲澶栫晫鐜鐨勫彉鍖栬€屾敼鍙樿嚜韬粨鏋勭殑鑳藉姏锛屽寘鎷缁忕粍缁囩殑姝ｅ父鍙戝睍鍜屾垚鐔熴€佹柊鎶€鑳界殑鑾峰緱銆佸湪绁炵粡绯荤粺鍙楁崯浠ュ強鎰熻鍓ュず鍚庣殑浠ｅ伩[15]銆備汉绫诲ぇ鑴戝湪瀵瑰姩鎬佺殑鎰熻涓栫晫杩涜琛ㄥ緛鍜岀紪鐮佺殑杩囩▼涓紝鑷韩涔熷湪涓嶆柇鐨勫姩鎬佸彉鍖栫潃锛屼互閫傚簲澶栫幆澧冨彲鑳藉彂鐢熺殑鍚勭浜嬩欢銆傚凡鏈夌殑琛屼负鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛屽垵鐢熷瞾鏈堢殑缁忓巻瀵逛汉鐢熺殑鍚勪釜鏂归潰鍏锋湁閲嶈褰卞搷銆傚悓鏍凤紝绁炵粡鍙鎬т篃瀛樺湪杩欐牱涓€涓叧閿湡銆傚浜庡ぇ澶氭暟绁炵粡鍥炶矾鏉ヨ锛屽叧閿湡鐨勪釜浜虹粡鍘嗕細鏋佸ぇ鐨勬敼鍙樼缁忓洖璺殑鑱旂粨鏂瑰紡锛涙垨鑰呰锛屽湪鍏抽敭鏈熷唴锛岀缁忕郴缁熻兘澶熸牴鎹釜浣撶殑缁忓巻涓哄悇绉嶈鐭ヨ涓哄畾鍒堕€傚悎涓綋闇€瑕佺殑鐙壒鐨勭缁忓洖璺?/span>[16]銆備粠閬椾紶瀛﹁搴︽潵鐪嬶紝鐢变簬鐢熸椿鐜鐨勫樊寮傦紝涓庝釜浜虹粡鍘嗘湁鍏崇殑淇℃伅鏄棤娉曢娴嬬殑锛屽洜姝や篃鏃犳硶鍦ㄥ熀鍥犱笂寰楀埌缂栫爜銆傛牴鎹捣甯冪悊璁猴紙Hebbian rule锛夛紝褰撲竴涓殏鏃剁殑绐佽Е鍓嶇缁忓厓鐨勬椿鍔ㄦ寔缁殑椹变娇鐫€绐佽Е鍚庣缁忓厓鐨勬椿鍔紝閭ｄ箞杩欎釜绐佽Е灏变細寰楀埌绋冲浐鍜屽姞寮猴紝绁炵粡鑱旂粨浠庤€屽緱浠ュ缓绔嬨€傝€屽浜庝互鍚庢柊鐨勭粡鍘嗘潵璇达紝鍙湁娲诲姩鑳藉姏瓒呰秺鍏堝墠鐨勭粡鍘嗭紝鏂扮殑绁炵粡鑱旂粨鎵嶆湁鍙兘寤虹珛銆傝繖涔熸剰鍛崇潃骞朵笉瀹屽叏鎺掗櫎鍦ㄥ叧閿湡浠ュ悗鍙鎬х殑瀛樺湪銆?/span>

    鍔ㄧ墿鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑[17]锛屽湪鐚垰鍑虹敓鏃讹紝瀛樺湪鐫€浠庡惉瑙夈€佷綋鎰熷拰杩愬姩鐨眰鍒拌鍖猴紙17銆?/span>18銆?/span>19鍖猴級鐨勬殏鏃舵姇灏勶紝浣嗚繖鏍风殑鎶曞皠浠呬粎鎸佺画鍒扮敓鍛界殑绗?/span>5鍛紝閫愭笎闅忕潃涓綋鎴愮啛鑰屾秷澶便€傝鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛屽湪鐢熷懡鐨勬棭鏈燂紝鑼冨洿骞挎硾鐨勮剳鍖轰笌瑙嗗尯瀛樺湪鐫€璺ㄩ€氶亾鎶曞皠锛涜€屾鏄繖绉嶈法閫氶亾鎶曞皠鐨勬秷澶卞喅瀹氫簡瑙嗗尯“涓撴敞”鐨勬帴鍙楁潵鑷瑙夐€氳矾鐨勭缁忓啿鍔ㄣ€?/span>

    瀵逛簬鏌愮鎰熻鍏堝ぉ缂轰箯鐨勪釜浣撴潵璇达紝鍘熸湰鍔犲伐璇ユ劅瑙夌殑鑴戝尯鐢变簬澶卞幓浜嗘姂鍒惰€屽紓甯稿叴濂?/span>[18]銆備篃鏈夌爺绌惰瘉鏄庯紝瀵逛簬鏃╂湡瑙嗚鍓ュず鐨勭尗锛屼笂杩版殏鏃舵€х殑鎶曞皠鑷冲皯鎸佺画6~7涓湀[19]銆傜敱浜庤瑙夌殑鍏堝ぉ缂哄け锛屼娇寰楃毊灞傝鍖虹己涔忔潵鑷瑙夐€氳矾鐨勬縺娲伙紝澶勪簬涓€绉嶅紓甯稿拰闅忔満鐨勫叴濂嬬姸鎬侊紝鑰屽鏄撴帴鍙楁潵鑷叾瀹冮€氶亾鐨勬殏鏃舵姇灏勭殑杈撳叆锛屽嵆寤虹珛浜嗘殏鏃剁殑绁炵粡鑱旂粨锛岃€岄殢鐫€寮傚父杈撳叆鎸佺画鐨勬縺娲昏鍖虹缁忓厓锛屽紓甯哥殑绁炵粡鍥炶矾灏遍€愭笎绋冲畾鍜屽浐鍖栥€?/span>

    璁稿鍔ㄧ墿鐮旂┒鏄剧ず锛岄€氬父鍔犲伐鏌愮鐗瑰畾鎰熻鐨勫垵绾ф劅瑙夊尯鍦ㄥけ鍘昏鎰熻杈撳叆鍚庤兘澶熷鐞嗘潵鑷叾瀹冩劅瑙夊舰鎬佺殑淇℃伅銆備緥濡傦紝閫氳繃澶栫鎵嬫鎶婅€侀紶鐨勮缃戣啘鐨勪紶鍏ヤ笌鍒濈骇浣撴劅锛?/span>S1锛?/span>[20]鎴栬€呭惉瑙夊尯(A1)[21]鑱旂粨锛?/span>S1鍜?/span>A1鍖虹殑绁炵粡鍏冧篃瀵瑰厜浜х敓鍝嶅簲锛屽苟鏄剧ず涓€瀹氱▼搴︾殑瑙嗙綉鑶滈儴浣嶅啀鐜帮紙retinotopy锛変互鍙婅瑙夊埡婵€鐨勬柟浣嶉€夋嫨鎬с€備篃鏈夎瘉鎹樉绀鸿繖绉嶄汉涓虹殑鎰熻閫氳矾纭疄瀵艰嚧浜嗚瑙夎涓?/span>[22,23]銆傝繖鏍风殑缁撴灉璇存槑锛屾劅瑙夎緭鍏ュ涓庝箣鑱旂粨鐨勮剳鍖哄姛鑳藉叿鏈夊喅瀹氭€х殑浣滅敤锛涢偅浜涗笓鍙告煇绉嶆劅瑙夌殑鐨眰鍏跺疄骞朵笉鏄崟閫氶亾鐨勶紝鎰熻鐨眰鐨勫姛鑳藉彇鍐充簬鎰熻閫氶亾鐨勮緭鍏ワ紝鎴栬€呰鏄笉鍚屾劅瑙夎緭鍏ョ殑绔炰簤鎯呭喌銆備粠杩欎釜鍒濇鐨勭粨璁哄嚭鍙戯紝缁撳悎涓婅堪鑴戞垚鍍忕粨鏋滐紝鎴戜滑涔熷彲浠ユ帹娴嬶紝鐩蹭汉瑙嗙毊灞傝兘澶熷彈鍒板惉瑙夊拰瑙﹁鍒烘縺鐨勯┍鍔紝鐩蹭汉瑙嗗尯鍏跺疄鐢熸潵鏈笉鏄?/span>“鍗曢€氶亾”鐨勶紝鑰屾槸鍏锋湁鍔犲伐鍏跺畠鎰熻鐨勬綔鍦ㄥ姛鑳姐€?/span>

    涓婅堪鐮旂┒璇存槑锛屾劅瑙変俊鎭殑杈撳叆鏂瑰紡鏋佸ぇ鐨勫奖鍝嶄簡绁炵粡鍥炶矾鐨勫舰鎴愩€傚嚭鐢熷悗锛屽鏋滆鐨眰鑳藉寰堝ソ鍦版帴鍙楀埌瑙嗚鍒烘縺锛岄偅涔堟甯哥殑瑙嗚鍥炶矾灏卞緱鍒颁簡寤虹珛锛涗絾鏄浜庡厛澶╃洸浜烘潵璇达紝瑙嗙毊灞傚苟娌℃湁寰楀埌瑙嗚淇℃伅鐨勮緭鍏ワ紝閭ｄ箞杩欑姝ｅ父鐨勮瑙夊洖璺氨鏃犳硶寰楀埌寤虹珛銆傝€屽師鏈殏鏃剁殑鎶曞悜瑙嗙毊灞傜殑绁炵粡鑱旂粨鍒欏彇鑰屼唬涔嬶紝鍦ㄤ赴瀵岀殑瑙﹁鍜屽惉瑙夌幆澧冧腑锛岄€愭笎鍥哄寲褰㈡垚鐗规湁鐨勬劅瑙夊洖璺紝骞堕┍浣跨毊灞傝鍖哄姞宸ユ潵鑷潪瑙嗚閫氶亾鐨勪俊鎭紝鑰屽疄鐜拌法閫氶亾閲嶇粍銆傚浜庡悗澶╃洸浜烘潵璇达紝鎴栬€呰瑙嗗尯浣滀负姝ｅ父瑙嗚涓灑鐨勫姛鑳藉凡缁忕‘绔嬩互鍚庯紝濡傛灉鐢变簬澶栧懆鍘熷洜鑰屽け鍘昏瑙夎緭鍏ワ紝閭ｄ簺鍘熸湰娑堝け鐨勬殏鏃舵€х殑鎶曞皠涔熻寰楀埌浜嗛噸鏂版縺娲伙紝鏉ヨ嚜瑙﹁鍜屽惉瑙夌瓑閫氳矾鐨勭獊瑙﹀墠娲诲姩鎸佺画鐨勬縺娲荤毊灞傝鍖虹殑绁炵粡鍏冿紝鍦ㄨ冻浜庤秴瓒婂厛鍓嶅舰鎴愭甯歌瑙夊洖璺椂鐨勭獊瑙︽椿鍔ㄦ椂锛屽氨褰㈡垚鏂扮殑鍖呭惈瑙嗗尯鐨勫惉瑙夊拰瑙﹁鍔犲伐鐨勭缁忓洖璺紝褰撶劧杩欎釜杩囩▼姣斿厛澶╃洸浜鸿鍥伴毦寰楀銆?/span>

    4 灏忕粨 

    澶卞幓瑙嗚杈撳叆鐨勭洸浜哄湪涓庡懆鍥寸幆澧冪殑浜や簰涓紝閫愭笎褰㈡垚绗﹀悎鑷韩鐗圭偣鐨勮涓鸿兘鍔涖€傝€屽湪鍏舵晱鎰熺殑鍚鍜岃Е瑙夎儗鍚庯紝鏄腑鏋㈢缁忕郴缁熷彂鐢熶簡鍙鎬у彉鍖栵紝浠ラ€傚簲鐩蹭汉鎵€鐗规湁鐨勬劅瑙変笘鐣屻€傝繖鏍风殑鍙鎬у彉鍖栫殑缁撴灉鏄紝涓€鑸涓轰笓鍙歌瑙夊姛鑳界殑鐨眰瑙嗗尯鍙備笌鍚鍜岃Е瑙夌瓑鎰熺煡瑙夌殑鍔犲伐杩囩▼銆傜洸浜鸿法閫氶亾閲嶇粍鏄釜鍗佸垎澶嶆潅鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鐩墠鐨勭爺绌剁粨鏋滀娇寰楁垜浠姝ゆ湁浜嗕竴瀹氱殑鎬濊矾鍜屽亣璁撅紝杩樹笉瓒充簬寰楀嚭鏄庣‘鐨勭瓟妗堬紝闇€瑕佺粨鍚堝悇绉嶆墜娈佃繘琛屾洿涓烘繁鍏ョ殑鐮旂┒銆傜洸浜烘槸鎴戜滑鐮旂┒鎰熻鍓ュず銆佺敋鑷冲叾瀹冩畫鐤句互鍚庣殑琛屼负浠ｅ伩涓庡ぇ鑴戦噸缁勭殑鑹ソ鑼冧緥锛屼篃鏈夊埄浜庢垜浠繘涓€姝ヤ簡瑙ｇ缁忓彲濉戞€х殑鍐呭湪鏈哄埗鍜屽鍦ㄨ涓哄彉鍖栥€傝繖鏍风殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉瀵逛簬淇冭繘绁炵粡搴峰鍖诲鐨勫彂灞曞叿鏈夐噸瑕佹剰涔夈€?/span>

銆愬弬鑰冩枃鐚€?/span>
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