The Y-11 is a light-weight dual engine multi-porpose transporter developed by Haerbin Plane Industry. It first flew in Dec 30,1975, began production in Apr 3,1977. Later there came its variation Y-11B and Y-11B(I).
The Y-11 basic version used 2 HS-6A piston engine, 285 hp each and can take 8 passengers. The engine is the main difference to tell it`s a Y-11 or its modern variation Y-12. Since the Y-11B is also equiped with turboprop engine, it looks just like Y-12 but a little difference in the head. The Y-11 is mainly used to work for agriculture and forestry centre, it is recorded that at least 24 Y-11s are working on this in China. And it can also perform geologic, transportation, airdrop, rescue and training missions.
The Y-12 is developed from Y-11 by Haerbin Plane Production Co.,ltd and it soon became the most successful Chinese aircraft in the world commercial market. The aircraft`s design began in the early 1980s`. After over 2 years and more than 1100hr test flight, the Y-12 was finalized. During this the expert and test pilots from Lockheed Martin joined the test flight.
The Y-12 got the Model License from Chinese Civil Aviaton Bureau in 1985, and the 1st production licensee the next year. Nov 14, 1986, 6 Y-12s exported to Sri Lanka, the first time Chinese civilian aircraft exported to freign country. In 1987 Y-12 got the CAA license of UK, also the 1st time Chinese aircraft got the international Model License. Later in Mar 26, 1995, the Y-12IV got the FAA license of US. All these helped a lot in the later commercial works of Y-12.
The Y-12E type used the new PT6A-135A engine, able to carry 19 people. And in Dec 7, 2000, one of the E type finished the flight from Chengdu to the famous travel sight Jiuzaigou in Shichuan, which proved the high altitude performance of Y-12E.
2008年,针对轻型运输机市场,哈尔滨飞机公司提出了运12F。该机的研制过程极大地提高了哈飞公司计算流体力学的应用水平。自中国的航空工业80年代早期开研制运12以来,该行业在按照西方客户标准研制民机方面取得了长足进步。运12F,作为一系列拟议或研制中的中国民机项目的一部分,充分展示了这种进步。中航二集团的专项是直升机和通用航空。旗下的哈尔滨飞机工业集团负责研制涡桨多用途运输机运12F,计划于2008年首飞。除了名字,该机和运12的早期型号其实关系不大。“2002年项目最初的时侯本来只打算在运12基础上进行改进,”项目总师黄岭才(音)说。“但是客户要求更大的航程,续航力和业载。所以我们决定从头重新设计。”和其他同级别飞机一样,该型号除可以作为19座支线客机或者轻型货机使用,还可以改装用于天气监视,航测航拍等。哈飞还演示了其军事用途。与该机大小类似的西方同类飞机是西班牙制造的EASA CASA C-212。但是运12F在航程上更胜一筹,并且飞得更快。
运-12Ⅱ型基本技术数据
Wingspan 17.24m
Length 14.86m
Height 5.58m
Wing surface 34.27square meters
Distance between main wheels 3.60m
Portrait distance between wheels 4.70m
Cargo capability 12.9cube meters