原文：
常见故障有： ①阀瓣打碎；②介质倒流。 引起阀瓣打碎的原因是：止回阀前后介质压力处于接近平衡而又 互相"拉锯"的状态，阀瓣经常与阀座拍打，某些脆性材料(如铸铁、黄铜等)做成的阀瓣就被打碎。预防的办法是采用阀瓣为韧性材料的止回阀。 介质倒流的原因有： ①密封面破坏；②夹入杂质。修复密封面和清洗杂质，就能防止倒流。 以上关于常见故障及预防方法的叙述，只能起启发作用，实际使用中，还会遇到其他故障，要做到主动灵活地预防阀门故障的发生，最根本的一条是熟悉它的结构、材质和动作原理。

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译文：
Common failures include: ① disc break; ② medium back. Disc break caused because: the pressure valve is close to balance before and after the media who are "see-saw" state, often with the seat flap disc, some brittle materials (such as cast iron, brass, etc.) made disc was broken. Prevention approach is adopted for the ductile material valve flap valve. Media reflux causes are: ① sealing surface damage; ② folder into the impurity. Repairing and cleaning the sealing surface impurities, can prevent the back. More common failure and prevention of the narrative, can only play a stimulating, practical use, will encounter other failure, to achieve the flexibility to take the initiative to prevent the occurrence of valve failure, the most fundamental one is familiar with its structure, Material and action principles.