The Strategic Study on the Chinese Technology Roadmap for Sludge Treatment and Disposal (Abstract)
As the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities, sludge increased dramatically. In 2009, the total sludge production quantities of China were more than 20 million tons, and will be close to 30 million tons in 2000. A large quantity of sludge without treatment and disposal into the environment has become a major environmental problem demanding prompt solution. There are many factors restricting the construction of sludge treatment and disposal facilities, but the most important one is unclear national technology roadmap. In accordance with the basic conditions analysis and the experience of Europe and the United States and Japan, based on multi-objective decision method, national overall Technology Roadmap for sludge treatment and disposal is proposed: the Sludge agricultural recycling should be main disposal direction, and anaerobic digestion and aerobic compost should be used as he main treatment process, special sludge is disposed directly by incineration.
Dr. CHEN Tong-bin, professor, director of Center for Environmental Remediation, principal researcher of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Address: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Tel: 86-10-64889080; Fax: 86-10-64889303; Email: chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn
CHEN Tong-bin, GAO Ding, ZHENG Guo-di, LIU Hong-tao, DU Wei, Chen Jun, ZHANG Jun,
Abstract: This paper presents the potential risk of sewage sludge to the environment and puts forward some essential ideas and methods to solve the problems. Based on the research field of the group focused on and the engineer examples, this paper introduces the complete technique and equipment of automatic monitoring and control system for sewage sludge compost particular. At last, this paper suggests the research fields of the sewage sludge compost should pay much more attention to.
The introduction of Chinese sludge treatment industry, technique analysis and SACT sludge composting system
WANG Tao WANG Yingli
Institute of Machinery Industry , Tianjin Machinery Technology Environmental, Co. Ltd
Science and Technology In China, sludge treatment industry is facing a high development opportunity with the development of policy and standard system. And now the sludge treatment technology which is wildly proved by industry are variety, and used in different ways. In condition of China, with large area and population, unbalanced development agriculture country, composting is the best way of sludge treatment.
Considering of mechanisation, robotization and industrialization concepts, SACT technology optimized the system, and solved the problems of ground wasting and recontamination. Through reversion, exposition, mixture, feeding in and out, measurement, transportation, storage, odd treatment, and most importantly the safety of operator, SACT technology can ensure the sludge can be perfectly treated in non-human and minimum spacing condition, and finally reach the point of low weight and harmless.
SACT system can adapt to different scale of sludge programs, only to adjust the detail of former work, and save the cost a lot.
Sludge Deep Dewatering and Recycling in Xiamen. Technology Research and Applications
Xie Xiao-Qing,* Huang Zhen-Yi, Dai Lan-Hua, Xie Xiao-Ming, Liu Mei-Ling
(Xiamen Water Group Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361009)
Abstract: Sludge treatment and disposal technologies are explored in order to deeply dewatering the sludge in Xiamen to the recyclable level. Sludge dewatering treatment was carried out in the following continuous steps, i.e. sludge concentration, conditioning of the concentrated sludge by FeCl3 and CaO, and high-pressure membrane filtering of water, which leads to final solid-liquid separation. Sludge after such treatments then contains water below 60% by weight that can be land buried. Treated sludge has been successfully subject to recycling use for gardening and constrction materials, etc.
Keywords: sludge; treatment and disposal; dewatering; recycling
An effective way for ultimate disposal of municipal sludge
——Drying sludge technology by waste heat from flue gas
Weng Huanxin
（Institute of Environment & Biogeochemistry, Zhejiang University）
On the basis of the production, regional distribution and physical characteristics of sludge in China, a two-stage low-temperature drying sludge technology by waste heat from power plant and cement mill is developed. The key problems of this technology are discussed systematically from several aspects such as principal, technological design, releasing character of tail gas and control method. The technological process of drying sludge by waste heat from flue gas of refuse incineration power plant is presented. The technical route for harmless disposal and reuse of sludge is proposed combining with the situation of waste heat resource from flue gas in China, which has important guidance for thorough solving the global problem of municipal sludge disposal.
4月16日上午 11：20-11：45
8、哈尔滨工业大学 许国仁 教授：污泥处理处置技术与管理国际经验借鉴与探讨
4月16日上午 11：45-12：00
9、德国JVK过滤系统有限公司上海代表处孙洪娟 首席代表：污泥脱水干化一体工艺和设备介绍
污泥脱水干化一体工艺和设备介绍
孙洪娟 首席代表 德国JVK过滤系统有限公司上海代表处
摘要：介绍目前市政污泥脱水和干燥在同一台设备内完成的工艺流程和关键设备主要结构。
关键词：压滤干燥机，隔膜滤板，加热滤板，过滤，挤压，真空，加热
Introduction of Sludge Filter Press Dryer
Sun Hongjuan Chief Representative，JVK Filtration Systems GmbH R.O. SH
Abstract: Introduction of Filter Press Dryer in Municipal Sludge Disposal
Improving technologies of sludge anaerobic digestion
Ji Min, Wang Fen, Yang Jie , Chen Zhongyu
( School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University, 300072 )
Anaerobic digestion is a lower carbon process for waste activated sludge stabilization. However, the biological hydrolysis in traditional anaerobic digestion is difficult, which results in the slow degradation, long residence time and large volume. It introduces improvement performance of sludge anaerobic digestion adopting sludge pretreatment of ultrasound and alkaline and addition of corn straw into excess sludge.
Ultrasound and alkaline pretreatment can improve hydrolysis, acidification and methane production rate of sludge anaerobic digestion. Under condition of the same sludge biogas production rate and organic matter removal, pretreatment of ultrasound and alkaline pretreatment can shorten sludge residence time of anaerobic digestion from 20d to 8d. When sludge residence time is 8d, biogas production amount is 2.6 times of control group (sludge residence time of 20d), and VS and COD removal efficiency can increase by 22.87% and 14.38% comparing with control group (20d). Methane production activity of after pretreatment of ultrasound and alkaline increases a lot than control group.
Addition ofcorn straw mixed liquor after pretreatment in excess sludge can improve anaerobic digestion liquor performance, strengthen anaerobic digestion reaction and improve digestion efficiency. Batch experiment is adopted to compare organic matters (COD) solution amount in mixed liquor after pretreatment of NaOH, ammonia and water, and it is concluded that NaOH pretreatment is the best. Small batch anaerobic digestion device is adopted to study anaerobic digestion of mixture of straw soak and excess sludge. It is found that anaerobic digestion performance of mixture of corn straw and excess sludge can be improved a lot after pretreatment of NaOH and water, and performance is stable, however, different pretreatment methods have different effects. Addition of corn straw soak after NaOH pretreatment in excess sludge can improve specific gas yielding of removal of unit VS and addition of soak after pretreatment of distilled water can improve VS removal efficiency.
Title: Dewatered Sludge transportation by pipe & storage by silo, Sludge Alkaline Stabilization/Pasteurization – Schwing Hydraulic Piston Pump & Sliding Frame Silo and Class A BIOSET Sludge Stabilization System
Schwing company has 70 years company history and culture, and with much experience in material handling. Schwing is the leader of storage and pumping high-viscosity material around the world. Only in china, we already had equipments in more than 30 Waste Water Treatment plants. Here we introduce the newest technology of Schwing Dewater sludge pumping and storage system.
Schwing poppet valve hydraulic piston pump be used in many municipal and industrial projects world wide. Today, Schwing was recognized as technology leader of “Dewatered sludge Pumping System”. Schwing pump can pumping the sludge even with 56% solid content, for other inorganic material even with 80% solid content. Schwing units have operated continuously for years with 99% availablity.
For sludge storage, Available in circular or rectangular design, the sliding frame / push floor technologies provide low cost methods to store large volumes of material while awaiting final disposal. Schwing sliding frame system in the bottom of the silo, discharge the sludge with the screw into sludge truck or Schwing pump. The typical installation is silo with pump installed beside the dewatering machine. A Schwing silo can be integrated into the process stream to equalize surges in solids production and subsequently meter cake to final disposal. Large diameter storage silos are useful for truck loading, and finally, both sliding frame and push floor designs are effective as receiving stations used to accept sludge hauled in from other facilities. Ultimately, the storage volume of the silos and bunkers dictate the plant’s flexibility in disposing of the solids.
Experience lower electrical and chemical operating costs than other available alkaline stabilization technologies. The Bioset process is a reliable system that provides a consistent Class ‘A’ product with minimal operator attention. Additionally, as the odors released through the chemical reactions are contained within the pressurized reactor, they are easily collected as a point source emission with a small scrubbing system virtually eliminating any fugitive odors. The smaller scrubbing systems required for the Bioset process provide additional savings compared to other technologies that require scrubbing systems to process large volumes of air. The Bioset process is also eligible to receive site-specific PFRP approval to operate at temperatures even lower than specified in the 503 regulations, resulting in an additional 35% reduction in chemical costs. Schwing Bioset introducing how the Bioset process can provide your city with an easy to operate, low cost Class ‘A’ solution.
施维英公司是总部在德国的跨国公司，在德国和美国和中国等国家设有生产制造厂，污泥存储设备和处置设备在美国Schwing Bioset Inc. 工厂制造。
Schwing company headquarter is in Germany, we have factory in Germany/USA/China/Etc., for sludge storage and treatment equipment we produce in America by Schwing Bioset Inc..
With the rapid improvement of Chinese wastewater treatment capacity, sludge quantity improves a lot. Shenzhen Nanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant is near to Shenzhen Nanshan Thermal Electricity Plant, and the Plant has the advantage of utilizing residual heating in Electricity Plant . Based on it, North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute and Shenzhen Nanshan Thermal Electricity Plant seek together for a road of utilizing residual fume heating to dry sludge. It will briefly introduce National Recycling Economy Demonstration Project- Introduction of Southern Shenzhen Electric Sludge Drying Project and it will provide reference for sludge disposal business.
There are 4 sets of S109E fuel gas-steam integrated recycling electric generating set with total equipped capacity of 720MW. Fume discharge amount is 1,200,000m3/h and fume temperature is about 130℃, therefore, discharged fume has rich residual heating resource. By modifying heating surface of boiler, residual heating of fume can be transported into heating source for sludge drying. After dewatered sludge in Wastewater Plant is dried, water content can be decreased from 80% to 10％~30%, and sludge quantity is reduced and will be harmless. Dried sludge can be used as auxiliary fuel, organic fertilizer source, building materials to realize waste utilization.
Design capacity of the Project is 400 t/d, and it adopts belt medium temperature drying process, which will utilize advantage of low temperature heating source. Residual heating in fume is used as heating source in the Project, which reflects national recycling economy, low-carbon economy and energy-saving and emission-reduction policy.
Abstract: Sludge treatment is difficult, but what is actually difficult about it? Traditional sludge treatment methods include landfill, composting, land application, conversion to construction materials, dehydration and incineration, co-firing power plants, cement kiln co-processing treatment etc. With so many treatment methods, how is sludge treatment still a national dilemma? If sludge treatment problems are comprehensively analyzed it becomes clear that the issue is, rather than sludge being difficult to treat, traditional sludge treatment technologies are difficult to implement.
Previous studies have focused too much on the treatment of sludge itself, lacking the perspective of wastewater treatment plants’ specific requirements, and overcoming their technical and non-technical difficulties. When planning to conduct sludge treatment, as the party responsible for sludge treatment, a wastewater treatment plant must address the issues of sludge treatment system independence, economy, process controllability and stability.
Dry Distillation Sludge Treatment Technology has solved wastewater treatment plants’ various difficulties related to operational independence, process controllability, technical stability, project economy etc.
Dry Distillation Sludge Treatment facilities are entirely independent within the wastewater treatment plant, with no need to seek out or depend on external cooperation; project proposals, environmental impact assessments, approvals and other complex procedures are avoided. Wastewater treatment plants retain control over the entire sludge treatment process.
Dry Distillation Sludge Treatment is unaffected by water content, external conditions, environment, climate and other such constraints and influences; the sludge system is capable of stable operation; the process by-product, organic bio-carbon, has extensive applications and tolerates prolonged storage.
Application of Dry Distillation Sludge Treatment is conducted in fully enclosed conditions, heat loss is minimal, produced bio-carbon sale (reclaimed) is profitable, condensed water is recycled and reused to save water costs.
Analysis of Performance and Energy Consumption of Sludge Treatment System in Shenyang North Wastewater Treatment Plant
Zhao Qing-liang1, Hu Kai1, Yang Yu-sen2, Zheng Tao2
(1. School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090; 2. Shenyang North Wastewater Treatment Plant, Shen Yang, 110000)
Abstract: Operation performance of a typical sludge treatment process at Shenyang North Wastewater Treatment Plant, which consisted of sludge thickening, anaerobic digestion and dewatering, was evaluated and energy consumption and utilization pertinent to the treatment system were investigated. Based on the analyses of energy consumption and electrical installations of various stages for this sludge treatment process, suggestions on energy saving and energy consumption minimization were put forward.
Key words: sludge treatment; treatment efficiency; energy consumption and utilization; energy saving and energy consumption minimization
4月17日上午 8：20-8：40
18、苏州自力化工设备有限公司 马雪明 董事长： 污泥干化系统工艺及技术
4月17日上午 8：40-9：00
19、深圳环源科技发展有限公司 张林 工程师：RRS蒸汽热解技术在城市污泥处理中的应用
城市污泥蒸汽热解处理及资源化应用的研究与实践
The Hydrothermal Technology for Sewage Sludge－to－Solid Fertilizer
Abstract: in this paper, for the sludge treatment technical problem, comparing the sludge treatment technical routine with the equipment, after we investigated current domestic and abroad feasible technics development on sludge disposal, we choose high pressure, large filter area, high efficiency, low operation cost and low cost on the mechanical deep dehydration technology and equipment for breakthrough direction. It’s introduced that new fast sludge dehydration flexible tube filter uses innovation principle, technological advantage and experimental results whose technology has beautiful prospect on energy conservation, circular economy and investment benefit.
CHINA’S NATIONAL STANDARDS ABOUT THE DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Zheng Guo-di, Chen Tong-bin, Gao Ding (Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Contact: Professor Chen Tong-bin, Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, PR China. +86-10-64889080, chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With the cities rapidly expanding in size, many more waste water treatment plants will be built to treat the increasing quantities of waste water. The treatment and disposal of sludge is an obstacle for the municipal wastewater treatment plant sound development. It is thus urgent and necessary to deal with the sewage sludge with the wastewater treatment plants founded.
Nevertheless, there were only two national standards about the treatment and disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant in China before 2007. They are the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges from Agricultural Use (GB4284-84) and the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. According to China’s National Standard (GB4284-84), lots of sewage sludge cannot be applied to lands because some unreasonable concentration limitation of some pollutants for sewage sludge. Furthermore, China’s National Standard (GB4284-84) has no limits about the application quantity, pathogen and the maturity. And the standard only gives the limits about the agricultural use, not including the incineration, afforestation in gardens or forests and land improvement. Founded by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, serials standards were began to set up about the disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant from 2007. It included the quality of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant, the disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant-the classification, the quality of sludge used in agriculture, the quality of sludge used in gardens or parks, the quality of sludge used in co-landfilling, the quality of sludge used in separate incineration, the quality of sludge used in land improvement, the quality of sludge used in forest land.
The quality of sludge used in agriculture is the most important and the most difficulty standard in the serials standards which founded by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. According to the standards were set up in 2008, the quality of sludge used in agriculture, which establish the requirements concentration of the heavy metals in sludge when applied to the land. The requirements of the heavy metals concentrations are divided into Class A and Class B, which depend on the types of crops planted in agricultural land. Based on the experiments and the elements background of farmland in China, the requirements of some heavy metals were strict controlled which toxicity is more harmful to the crop and human body. However, the requirements of some heavy metals such as Zn, Cu were regulated with a reasonable concentration for the weak toxicity and low risk. It was also regulated that the requirements of heavy metals in sewage sludge applied to the crops which are not enter the food chain directly. Also included in this standard are organic pollutants, pathogen, maturity, application quantity and time limit, the prohibited applied areas, reduction requirements for sewage sludge applied to the agricultural land.
Keywords: sludge, municipal wastewater treatment plant, standard, disposal
H2S and NH3 in workshops for CTB Autocontrol Composting Process
CHEN Jun1, GAO Ding1, CHEN Tong-bin1, GUO Song-lin1, ZHENG Guo-di1, DU Wei2, Ma Da3
(1. Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101; 2. Beijing GreenTech Environmental Engineering Company, Beijing 100080; 3. Lvgang Sewage Sludge Treatment Plant, Qinhuangdao 066000)
Abstract: The concentrations of H2S and NH3 in the workshops of Lvgang Sewage Sludge Treatment Plant (using CTB autocontrol composting process) were analyzed continuously online. The results showed that controlling composting process by Compsoft® 3.0 could restrain H2S and NH3 production effectively. The concentrations of H2S and NH3 in material-mixing workshop and fermenting workshop were below 0.3 ml/m3 and 18 ml/m3 respectively. Air quality of workshops could meet the standard of Occupational Exposure Limit for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace (GB Z 2-2002). The NH3 concentration in air up fermenting cabins was higher than other places and it increased when fermenting workshop was closed for a long time. The concentrations of H2S and NH3 of fermenting workshop could decreased for 70% to 98% when doors and windows opened or waste gas treatment facilities ran. With the solving of odor pollution during composting, CTB autocontrol composting process will become more competitive in sewage sludge treatment industry.
Concentrations of sewage sludge from waste water treatment plants in China
Yang Jun
Center for Environmental Remediation , Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , CAS , Beijing 100101 , China
We conducted a survey on the concentrations of sewage sludges from sewage treatment plants in various provinces of China collected in 2006, and thus were able to identify temporal trends in sewage sludges characteristics of China. The average values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sewage sludges were 20.2, 1.97, 93.1, 219, 2.13, 48.7, 72.3 and 1058 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations were within the ranges found in sewage sludges sampled from sewage treatment plants of other countries after 2000 years. Compared with the summary results of heavy metals concentrations of sewage sludges in China reported during 1994-2001, the present heavy metals concentration in the sewage sludges was significantly lower, the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were decreased by 32.3%, 49.7%, 54.9%, 25.0%, 37.2%, 44.8% and 27.0%, respectively.
Engineering Practice on the Calorific Value Improvement by CTB Bio-drying Technology
CAI Lu
Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract: increased to more than 1000 kcal∙kg-1 from a loss state. Moreover, the of samples increased in a proportion of 2.7%～14.0%. That net energy of combustion in bio-dried dewatered sludges is elevated solves the energy inconsistency.
Key word: sewage sludge; aerobic fermentation; bio-drying; CTB Technology; calorific value; water content; energy consumption
Application of Sewage Sludge Compost in Greenery and its Relevant Field
Liu Hong-Tao1, Ma Da2, Zheng Guo-Di1, Chen Tong-Bin1, Gao Ding1, DU Wei3
(Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101; 2.Qinhuangdao Green Harbor Sewage Sludge Treatment Company; 3. Beijing GreenTech Environmental Engineering Company, Beijing 100080)
Abstract: Reclamation of composted sewage sludge meets Chinese domestic conditions. On basis of owns characteristics, application of sewage sludge to virescence, turf substrate, container seedling, and landfill cover were elucidated with emphasis on their current status, obstacle and tendency. On the premise of its environmental risk control or composting treatment, extension in reclamation way of sewage sludge products was advised.
Keywords: sewage sludge; compost; greenery
堆肥模拟研究：污泥高温好氧生物堆肥过程模拟研究进展
张军，陈同斌，高定，郑国砥，刘洪涛
摘要：数学模拟是研究堆肥过程的重要手段。通过分析堆肥过程的有机质降解和物质、能量的传递转化过程，确定堆肥工艺控制最重要的变量为有机质组分、温度、O2、水分和FAS (Free Air Space)，建立堆肥过程的概念模型。完整的堆肥过程数学模型方程可分为3部分：质量平衡方程、能量平衡方程和有机质降解反应动力学。对于降解反应采用不同的简化假设，可得到3类有机质降解反应动力学模型，分别为一阶反应模型、Monod模型和经验模型。堆肥过程模型的数值求解主要采用Runge-Kutta法和有限差分法。现有模型研究中对好氧发酵的传质过程和温度、O2等参数的实时在线监测比较欠缺，在未来的研究应予以加强。
关键词：有机废弃物，堆肥，过程模拟，数学模型，反应动力学
Mathematical Model of Aerobic Composting Process for Sewage Sludge: A review
Zhang Jun, Chen Tong-bin, Gao Ding, Zheng Guo-di, Liu Hong-tao
Abstract: Composting is an important method for the treatment of sewage sludge. As a powerful tool, mathematical model can be used to research the theory of composting process. There are 5 key variables for controlling the composting technique: organic matter component, temperature, moisture, oxygen and FAS. After analyzing the way how these variables affect the biodegradation, heat transfer and mass balance, a schematic model would be got. Then, a mathematical model can be built. A total model of the composting process concludes three parts: mass balance equation, heat balance equation and organic matter biodegradation kinetics. For different simplify and hypothesis, there are three kinetic models, which are first-order assumption model, Monod-type model and empirical model. The numerical simulations of those mathematical models always are Runge-Kutta method and finite difference method. Temperature profile, oxygen profile, moisture profile and organic matter kinetic all can be used to validate the mathematical model. There are two problems in these mathematical models: 1) little research on the mass and energy transfer in the matrix, 2) lack of simulator which can monitor real-time the temperature, oxygen at different spatial locations in the matrix. So, the future work is suggested to focus on: 1) developing a total mathematical model which includes organic matter biodegradation kinetics and transfer process of mass and energy, 2) manufacturing a composting process simulator which can get real-time the temperature, oxygen spatial data.
