浠ヤ笅璧勬簮鏉ヨ嚜浜庣綉缁滐紝缁忚繃鏈汉閫傚綋鐨勬暣鐞嗭紝甯屾湜瀵?010骞?鏈?鏃ュ弬鍔犻珮鑰冪殑鍚屽鏈夋墍鎻愰啋涓庡府鍔┿€?/span>

      浠ヤ笅鎸囧嚭鍘嗘鍖栧鑰冭瘯鑰冪敓甯镐涪鍒嗙殑鍦版柟锛屽笇鏈涘ぇ瀹惰€冭瘯鏃朵笉鍦ㄨ繖浜涘湴鏂瑰嚭宸敊锛岄珮鏍囧噯锛屼弗瑕佹眰锛屼粠骞虫椂鍋氳捣锛屽悜瑙勮寖瑕侀珮鍒嗐€傝嚜宸辨浘缁忓嚭鐜拌繃鐨勯敊璇紝鍦ㄩ槄璇绘椂浣滃嚭鏍囪銆?/span>
涓€銆侀€夋嫨棰樹腑鐨?/span>“鍏抽敭璇?span lang="EN-US">”
1銆佽繃閲忚繕鏄皯閲?/span>       
2銆佸寲鍚堢墿杩樻槸鍗曡川鎴栨贩鍚堢墿   
3銆佽娉ㄦ剰閫夋嫨棰?/span>“姝ｇ‘鐨勬槸”锛?span lang="EN-US">“閿欒鐨勬槸鎴栦笉姝ｇ‘鐨?span lang="EN-US">”涓ょ涓嶅悓瑕佹眰銆傝娉ㄦ剰锛屽仛鐨勬纭紝濉崱鏃跺嵈瀹屽叏濉弽浜嗭紝瑕佸崄鍒嗚鎯曡繖绉嶆儏鍐靛彂鐢熴€?/span>
4銆佹帓鍒楅『搴忔椂锛屽垎娓呮槸“鐢卞ぇ鍒板皬”杩樻槸“鐢卞皬鍒板ぇ”锛岀被浼肩殑锛?span lang="EN-US">“鐢卞己鍒板急”锛?span lang="EN-US">“鐢遍珮鍒颁綆”锛岀瓑绛夈€?/span>
5銆侀樋浣涘姞寰风綏甯告暟棰樹腑锛?/span>鈶?/span>姘达細甯告俯涓嬫槸娑叉€侊紱 鈶?/span>绋€鏈夋皵浣擄細鍗曞師瀛愬垎瀛愶紱
鈶?/span>SO₃锛氬父娓╀笅鏄恫鎬佹垨鍥烘€侊紱鈶?/span>NO₂锛氬瓨鍦ㄤ笌N₂O₄鐨勫钩琛★紱鈶?/span>鍜屾皵浣撶殑浣撶Н鏈夊叧鐨勬瘮杈?/span>(濡傚瘑搴?/span>)锛氭敞鎰忔爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅鎵嶈兘鐢?/span>22.4 L锛屽悓娓╁悓鍘嬩笅鎵嶈兘姣旇緝銆?/span>
鈶?/span>涓嶆槸姘斾綋鐨勬湁鏈虹墿涓嶉渶瑕佹爣鍑嗙姸鍐电殑鏉′欢锛屽鎴婄兎锛岃緵鐑风瓑銆?/span>
鈶?/span>鎶婂師瀛愬簭鏁板綋鎴愮浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲忥紝鎶婄浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲忓綋鐩稿鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺锛屾妸鍘熷瓙閲忓綋璐ㄥ瓙鏁般€?/span>
鈶?/span>Na₂O₂銆?/span>H₂O₂銆?/span>Cl₂绛夎嫢鏃綔姘у寲鍓傚張浣滆繕鍘熷墏鏃讹紝鍙嶅簲杞Щ鐢靛瓙鏁版槗澶氱畻銆?/span>
鈶?/span>娉ㄦ剰閫夐」涓粰鐨勯噺鏈夋棤鍗曚綅锛屾湁鍗曚綅涓嶅啓鎴栧啓閿欑殑涓€瀹氭槸閿欑殑銆?/span>
鈶?/span>273鈩?/span>涓?/span>273K涓嶆敞鎰忓尯鍒嗭紝鏄?span lang="EN-US">“鏍囧喌”杩樻槸“闈炴爣鍐?span lang="EN-US">”锛屾槸“姘旀€?span lang="EN-US">”杩樻槸“娑叉€?span lang="EN-US">”“鍥烘€?span lang="EN-US">”涓嶅垎娓呮銆?/span>22 .4L.mol^-1鐨勯€傜敤鏉′欢銆傛敞鎰忎笁姘у寲纭€佷箼鐑枫€佸繁鐑枫€佹按绛夌墿璐ㄧ殑鐘舵€併€傚尯鍒嗘恫鎬佹隘鍖栨阿鍜岀洂閰革紝娑叉皑鍜屾皑姘达紝娑叉隘鍜屾隘姘淬€?/span>
6銆佺瀛愬ぇ閲忓叡瀛橈細鈶?/span>娉ㄦ剰閰哥⒈鎬х幆澧?/span>  鈶?/span>娉ㄦ剰姘у寲杩樺師鍙嶅簲濡?/span>Fe²⁺涓?/span>H^锛?/span>銆?/span>NO₃^锛?/span>涓嶅叡瀛橈紝Al涓?/span>HNO₃鏃犳阿姘旂瓑銆€銆€鈶?/span>  娉ㄦ剰瀹￠锛屾槸澶ч噺鍏卞瓨杩樻槸涓嶈兘澶ч噺鍏卞瓨
7銆佺瀛愭柟绋嬪紡姝ｈ锛?/span>鈶?/span>鐪嬬數鑽锋槸鍚﹀畧鎭掋€€銆€鈶?/span>鐪嬬墿璐ㄦ媶鍒嗕腑鍚︽纭紝鍙湁寮洪吀銆佸己纰便€佸彲婧舵€х洂鍙媶锛屽叾瀹冧竴寰嬩笉鎷嗐€€銆€鈶?/span>鐪嬩骇鐗╂槸鍚︽纭紝濡?/span>CO₂鐨勫弽搴旀槸鐢熸垚姝ｇ洂杩樻槸閰稿紡鐩愩€?/span>Fe³⁺涓?/span>S^2锛?/span>鍙嶅簲鏄哀鍖栬繕鍘熷弽搴旂瓑銆€銆€鈶?/span>鐪嬪師瀛愭槸鍚﹀畧鎭掋€€銆€鈶?/span>姘磋В涓庣數绂绘柟绋嬪紡瑕佺湅鍑嗭紝涓嶈琚弽搴旂墿鏈夋按鎵€杩锋儜銆?/span>
8銆佹敞鎰忓父瑙佺鍙风殑搴旂敤濡傚垎娓呮槸 “==”杩樻槸“ →  ”锛?/span>“鈻?/span>H>0”銆?ldquo;鈻?/span>H<0”銆佹矇娣€銆佹皵浣撶鍙凤紝鐢佃嵎涓庝环鏍囥€佸啓鐢靛瓙寮?/span>鏃?ldquo;[ ]”鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ瓑绛夈€?/span>
浜屻€佽В绛旈涓殑“鍏抽敭璇?/span>”鍙婂簲娉ㄦ剰涔嬪锛?/span>
1銆佷功鍐?span lang="EN-US">“鍚嶇О”杩樻槸“鍖栧寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“鍒嗗瓙寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“鐢靛瓙寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“缁撴瀯寮?span lang="EN-US">”杩樻槸“缁撴瀯绠€寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?/span>
2銆佷功鍐?span lang="EN-US">“鍖栧鏂圭▼寮?span lang="EN-US">”杩樻槸“绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?span lang="EN-US">”鎴?span lang="EN-US">“鐢垫瀬鏂圭▼寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“姘磋В鏂圭▼寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“鐢电鏂圭▼寮?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">
3銆佷功鍐欐柟绋嬪紡涓殑鐗╄川鑱氶泦鐘舵€併€佺壒娈婄殑鍙嶅簲鏉′欢銆佷骇鐗?/span>(濡傞叝鍖栧弽搴旂殑姘?/span>)鍐欏叏銆?/span>
4銆佸～鍐欑粨鏋滄椂搴斿鍑嗙墿璐?/span>銆傚鍐?span lang="EN-US">“A”鐨勪笉搴斿啓鎴?span lang="EN-US">“B”鐨勩€?/span>
5銆佸疄楠屽～绌洪鎴栫畝绛旈锛屾敞鎰忔枃瀛楃敤璇鍑嗙‘锛?/span>1锛変笉鐢ㄩ敊鍒瓧锛氬鑴備笌閰€侀摰涓庢皑銆佸潻涓庣敇銆佽樃涓庣矘銆佽摑涓庡叞銆佽お涓庨€€銆佹憾涓庣啍銆佹垔涓庢垖銆佸偓涓庡磾銆佽嫰涓庣銆侀ケ鍜屼笌楗卞悎鍙婃湁鏈哄畼鑳藉洟鍚嶇О绛夈€傦紙2锛?/span> 涓嶇敤淇楄锛氬a銆佹墦寮€鍒嗘恫婕忔枟鐨勫紑鍏筹紙娲诲锛夛紝b銆佸皢姘斾綋閫氳繘锛堝叆锛夌洓婧存按鐨勬礂姘旂摱锛?/span>c銆侀吀閬囩煶钑婂彉绾㈣壊锛堥吀浣跨煶钑婂憟绾㈣壊锛夌瓑銆?/span>锛?/span>3锛?/span>鐢ㄨ涓ヨ皑锛氬pH璇曠焊涓嶈兘璇存箍娑︼紝鍏跺畠璇曠焊鍧囪鍐欐箍娑︺€備笁瀵瑰叡鐢ㄧ數瀛愬瑕佺珫鍐欍€傜瀛愭祿搴﹁鐢?/span>C(  )琛ㄧず銆?/span>
6銆佸師鐢垫睜姝ｈ礋鏋佷笉娓咃紝鐢佃В姹犮€佺數闀€姹犻槾闃虫瀬涓嶆竻锛岀數鏋佸弽搴斿紡鍐欏弽浜嗐€?/span>
7銆佹眰姘斾綋鐨?span lang="EN-US">“浣撶Н鍒嗘暟”涓?span lang="EN-US">“璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟”涓嶇湅娓呮锛屽け鍒嗐€?/span>姹?span lang="EN-US">“杞寲鐜?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“鐧惧垎鍚噺”娣?/span>娣嗕笉娓呫€?/span>
8銆佷袱绉嶄笉鍚屼綋绉笉鍚屾祿搴﹀悓绉嶆憾娑叉贩鍜岋紝鎬讳綋绉槸鍚﹀彲浠ュ姞鍜岋紝瑕佺湅棰樼洰鎯呮櫙鍜岃姹傘€?/span>
9銆佹湁鍗曚綅鐨勮鍐欏崟浣嶏紝娌℃湁鍗曚綅鐨勫氨涓嶈鍐欎簡銆?/span>濡?span lang="EN-US">“婧惰В搴?span lang="EN-US">”鍗曚綅鏄厠锛屽嵈涓嶅啓鍑猴紝“鐩稿鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺”銆?span lang="EN-US">“鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺”鏃犲崟浣嶏紝鍗村姞涓?span lang="EN-US">“g”鎴?span lang="EN-US">“g.mol^-1”銆?/span>鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鏈夊崟浣嶏紙g.mol^-1锛夊嵈涓嶅啓鍗曚綅锛屽け鍒嗐€?/span>
10銆佹弿杩板疄楠岀幇璞¤鍏ㄩ潰銆佹湁搴忥紝涓庡疄楠岀洰鐨勭浉鑱旂郴锛岄檰娴风┖鍏ㄦ柟浣嶈瀵熴€?/span>
11銆佸浐浣撴憾瑙ｅ害琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆佽绠楁柟娉?/span>
12銆?/span>m A(s) +  n B(g)鈮?/span> pC锛?/span>l锛?/span> + q D(g)杩欑鍙€嗗弽搴旓紝鍔犲帇鎴栧噺鍘嬶紝骞宠　绉诲姩鍙€冭檻鍏朵腑鐨勬皵鎬佺墿璐?/span>(g)鐨勫寲瀛﹁閲忔暟銆?/span>
13銆侀厤骞充换浣曟柟绋嬪紡锛屾渶鍚庨兘瑕?/span>杩涜“绯绘暟鍖栫畝”銆備功鍐欏寲瀛﹀弽搴旀柟绋嬪紡锛屽弽搴旀潯浠跺繀椤诲啓锛岃€屼笖鍐欐纭€傦紝姘у寲—杩樺師鍙嶅簲閰嶅钩鍚庯紝寰楀け鐢靛瓙瑕佺浉绛夛紝绂诲瓙鍙嶅簲鐢佃嵎瑕佸畧鎭掞紝涓嶆悶鍋囬厤骞炽€傛湁鏈哄寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡鏈敤“→”鐑寲瀛﹀弽搴旀柟绋嬪紡涓嶅啓鍙嶅簲鏉′欢锛屼笉婕忓啓鐗╄川鐨勮仛闆嗙姸鎬侊紝涓嶆紡鍐欏弽搴旂儹鐨?/span>“+”鎴?span lang="EN-US">“-”锛屽弽搴旂儹鐨勫崟浣嶆槸kJ•mol^-1銆?/span>
14銆佸洖绛旂畝绛旈锛屼竴瀹氳閬垮厤“绠€鍗曞寲”锛岃娑夊強鍘熺悊锛屽簲璇ユ湁鍥犳湁鏋滐紝绛斿埌“鏍规湰”銆?/span>
15銆佹湁鏈虹粨鏋勭畝寮忎腑鍘熷瓙闂寸殑杩炵粨鏂瑰紡琛ㄨ揪姝ｇ‘锛屼笉瑕佸啓閿欎綅銆?/span> 缁撴瀯绠€寮忔湁澶氱锛屼絾鏄⒊纰抽敭銆佸畼鑳藉洟涓嶈绠€鍖栵紝 閰熀銆佺晶鍩虹殑鍚勫師瀛愰『搴忎笉瑕佷贡鍐欙紝纭濆熀銆佹皑鍩哄啓鏃舵敞鎰忕⒊瑕佽繛鎺ュ湪N鍘熷瓙涓娿€傚锛?/span>COOHCH₂CH₂OH(缇у熀杩炴帴閿?/span>)锛?/span>CH₂CHCOOH(灏戝弻閿?/span>) 绛夛紙寮鸿皟锛氬湪澶嶆潅鍖栧悎鐗╀腑閰熀銆佺晶鍩烘渶濂戒笉瑕佺畝鍖栵級銆備腑鏂囧悕绉颁笉鑳藉啓閿欏埆瀛椼€傞叝鐨?/span>n鍏冪幆鏄⒊鍘熷瓙鏁板姞O(鎴?/span>N)鍘熷瓙鏁般€?/span>
16銆佽В鎺ㄦ柇棰橈紝瀹為獙棰樸€傛€濈淮涓€瀹氳寮€闃斻€佹椿璺冿紝鑱旀兂鎬у己銆傚垏涓嶅彲鐪嬩簡鍚庨潰鐨勬枃瀛楋紝鎶婂墠闈㈢殑璇濈粰蹇樹簡锛屼笉鑳借€佹槸鍙粠涓€涓柟闈紝涓€涓搴﹀幓鑰冭檻锛屽簲璇ユ槸澶氭柟浣嶃€佸叏鏂逛綅杩涜鑰冭檻銆傜Н鏋佸湴浠庤€冮涓瓧瀛椼€佸彞鍙ヤ腑瀵绘壘鍑?/span>“绐佺牬鍙?span lang="EN-US">”銆?/span>
17銆佺湅鍑嗙浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲忥紝Cu鏄?/span>63.5杩樻槸64锛屽簲鎸夊嵎棣栨彁渚涚殑鐢ㄣ€?/span>
18銆佽绠楅涓線寰€鍑虹幇“灏嗘牱鍝佸垎涓轰袱绛変唤”锛堟垨“浠?span lang="EN-US">1000mL婧舵恫涓彇鍑?span lang="EN-US">50mL”锛夛紝鏈€鍚庢眰鐨勬槸“鍘熸牱鍝佷腑鐨勬湁鍏崇殑閲?span lang="EN-US">”锛屼綘鍗村彧姹備簡姣忎唤涓殑鏈夊叧閲?/span>銆?/span>
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