空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG)氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH)进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion基础 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct)压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventer电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱（盒） junction box导线管 conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply循环冷却水回水 cooling water return脱盐水 demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水） brackish water生活污水 sanitary sewer工业废水 industrial waste water雨水 rain water污染雨水 contaminated rain water消防水 fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置 softener沉淀器 settler沉淀池 clarifier脱盐装置 demineralizer水处理 water traatment冷却塔 cooling tower中和池 neutralization tank化粪池 septic tank渗滤井 soak-away pit井 well阀井 valve pit清扫口 clean out（3）消防消火栓 hydrant水炮 water monitor洒水器 sprinkler水喷淋 watering灭火器 fire extinguisher消防水泵 fire pump消防车 fire fighting truck泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting泡沫栓 foam hydrant泡沫炮 foam monitor消防软管接头 fire hose connection 6 管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support管托 shoe管卡 clampU形夹（卡） clevis锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis支耳；吊耳 lug; ear耳轴 trunnion止动挡块 shear lug托座 stool托架 cradle带状卡 strap clamp夹板，导向板 cleat可调夹板 adjustable cleat角板；连接板 gusset筋；肋 rib支承环 ring加强板 stiffiener底板 base plate顶板 top plate翅片式导向板 fin预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用） shim锚固件；生根件 clip预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate连接板 tie plate连接杆 tie rod限制杆 limit rod带环头拉杆 eye rod连接杆 connecting rod杠杆 lever支撑杆 strut定位块 preset pieces间隔管（片、块） spacer滑动吊板（吊架顶部用） sliding traveler(for hanger)滑轮组 tackle-block钢索，电缆 cable木块 wood block鞍座 saddle裙座 skirt软管卷盘（简） hose reel管部附着件 pipe attachment6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support支承架 resting support滑动架 sliding support固定架 anchor导向架 guide限制性支架；约束 restraint限位架 stop限位器 stopper定值限位架 limit stop二维限位架 two-axis stop往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop定向限位架 directional stop吊架 hanger弹簧架 spring support弹簧托架 resting type spring support弹簧吊架 spring hanger恒力吊架 constant hanger重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support滚动支架 rolling support弹簧支撑架 spring bracing减振器 snubber液压减振器 hydraulic snubber减振装置 damping device缓冲简（器） dash pot刚性吊架 rigid hanger6.3 标准及通用型支架标准管架 standard pipe support通用管架 typical pipe support悬臂架 cantilever support三角架 triangular support’支腿 legⅡ形管架 Ⅱ-type supportL形管架 L-type support柱式管架 pole type support墙架 support on wall可调支架 adjustable support管墩，低管架 sleeper特殊管架 special support管道支吊架图 piping support drawing6.4 管架安装背至背 back to back钻孔 drill长孔 slot; slot hole放气孔；通气孔 vent hole灌浆；水泥砂浆填平 grouting组装；装配 assembly攻螺孔 tapped; tapping自由滑动 free to slide跨度 span对中心；找正 alignment切割使适合 cut to suit修饰使适合 trim to suit伸出长度（指预埋螺栓） extrusion7 应力计算热应力分析 thermal stress analysis管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis荷载工况 load case力 force反力 reaction力矩 moment弯曲力矩 bending moment扭矩 torque外载 externally applied load荷载 load冷态荷载 cold load工作荷载 working load外力 external force内力 internal force力偶 couple of force管系 piping system位移 displacement附加位移 appendant displacement; externally imposed displacement角位移 angular rotation冷拉 cold spring自拉 self spring方向 direction元件 member节点 node节点号 node number自由 free固定点 fix point; anchor point刚性的 rigid柔性 flexibility塑性 plasticity热循环 thermal cycle剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition应力 stress弯曲应力 bending stress扭转应力 torsional stress轴向应力 axial stress剪切应力 shear stress拉应力 tension stress压应力 compression stress一次应力 primary stress二次应力 secondary stress位移（热胀）应力范围 displacement (thermal expansion) stress range许用应力范围 allowable stress range位移应力 displacement stress柔性应力 flexibility stress内压应力 internal pressure stress外压应力 external pressure stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress许用应力 allowable stress主应力 principal stress圆周应力 circumferential stress; hoop stress峰值应力 peak stress脉动应力 pulsating stress交变应力 alternating stress残余应力 residual stress热应力 thermal stress遛转半径 radius of gyration泊松比；横向变形系数 Poisson ratio弹性模量 modulus ofelasticity惯性矩 moment of inertia极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia断面系数 section modulus应力集中系数 coefficient of stress concentration应力范围减小系数 stress range reduction factur应力增大系数 stress intensification factor面内 in-plane面外 out-plane柔性系数 flexibility factor柔度特性 flexibility characteristic弹簧系数 spring constant热膨胀系数 thermal expansion coefficient安全系数 safety factor应变；变形 strain; deformation应变能 strain energy挠度；弯度 deflection地震 earthquake耐震等级 seismic class临时荷载 temporary load地震荷载 seismic load; earthquake load地震系数 seismic coemcient; seismic factor冲击荷载 shock load超载 superimposed load; excess load集中质量 lumped mass推力 thrust设计震度 design scismic coefficient设计响应谱 design response spectrum谱分析 spectrum analysis动态分析 dynamic analysis谐振分析 harmonic analysis固有振动型式 natural frequency mode阻尼振动 damped vibration机械振动 mechanical vibration音响振动 acoustic vibration自由振动 free vibration共振 resonance湍振 surging脉动 pulsation激振；激发 excitation衰减系数 decay factor; decay coefficient; attenuation constant固有频率 natural frequency周期 period波谷 wave trough波峰 wave crest振幅；波幅 amplitude水锤 water hammer8 隔热、隔声玻璃棉 glass woo1岩棉 rock wool聚氨酯；聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane泡沫玻璃 foam glass; cellular glass沥青 asphalt油毛毡 asphalt felt镀锌铁丝 galvanized wire镀锌铁丝网 galvanized wire mesh石棉板 asbestos board石棉布 asbastos cloth石棉织品 asbestos fabric管壳 shell棉毡 blanket硅酸钙 calcium silicate硅酸铝纤维 aluminosilicate fiber珍珠岩 perlite泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete; cellular concrete蛭石 vermiculite矿（渣）棉 mineral wool保温块 insulation block硅藻土 kieselguhr; diatomite; diatomaceous earth碳酸镁 magnesium carbonate软木 cork wood泡沫聚苯乙烯 cellular polystyrene; foam polystyrene硬泡沫橡胶 rigid foam rubber填颖材料 caulking material玛帝脂保护层 mastic weatherproof coating水泥抹面 finishing cement金属保护层 clad; metal jacketing; cladding metal玻璃布 glass (fiber) cloth镀锌铁皮 galvanized (sheet) iron; galvanized plain sheet铝板 alaminium sheet油毛毡；沥青毡 asphalt felt发毡 hair felt发泡 foaming导热系数 thermal conductivity factor隔热；融热层 insulation保温 hot insulation保冷 cold insulation人身保护 personal protection隔声 sound insulation防结露 anti-sweat防冻 winterizing线规 wire gage伯明翰线规 Birmingham wire gage (BWG)美国线规 American wire gage (AWG)支承环 support ring环箍 circumferential band钢环 steel ring吸声 sound-absorbing分贝 Decibel声源 sound source声强 sound intensity声压值 sound pressure level噪声值 noise level; sound level9 防腐、涂漆及腐蚀种类防腐漆 anti-corrosive paint; rush-proof paint涂漆 painting涂层；覆盖层 coating底漆 primary coat; bottom coat面漆 finishing coat清漆 varnish瓷漆 enamel防锈漆 antirust paint醇酸瓷漆 alkyd enamel酚醛漆 phenolic paint沥青漆 bituminous paint聚氨酯漆 polyurethane paint有机硅漆 organic silicon paint漆酚树脂漆 urushiol resin paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint过氯乙烯漆 ethylene perchloride paint无机富锌漆 inorganic zinc-rich paint耐酸漆 acid-proof paint耐碱漆 alkali-proof paint耐热漆 heat-proof paint测温漆 thermo-paint颜色 colour (color)淡（浅）色的；轻的 light深色的 dark红色的 red蓝色的 blue黄色的 yellow绿色的 green紫色的 purple棕色的；褐色的 brown橙色的 orange colour灰色的 grey (gray)表面处理 surface preparation阴极保护 cathodic protection耐蚀性 corrosion resistance腐蚀 corrosion点蚀 pitting缝隙腐蚀 crevice corrosion晶间腐蚀 intergranular corrosion电化腐蚀 electro corrosion接触腐蚀 contact corrosion气蚀 cavitation erosion应力腐蚀 stress corrosion气相腐蚀 gaseous corrosion氢脆 hydrogen embrittlement10 焊接 Welding10.1 焊接种类 Varieties of Welding电弧焊 arc welding电熔焊 electric fusion welding (EFW)气熔焊 fusion gas welding (FGW)电阻焊 electric resistance welding (ERW)有保护的金属电弧焊 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)手工或自动隋性气体保护钨极电弧焊 manual and automatic inert gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)自动埋弧焊 automatic submerged arc welding金属极隋性气体保护电弧焊 gas metal arc weiding (GMAW)氩弧焊 argon-arc welding，气体保护电弧焊 gas-shielded arc welding气焊 gas welding; flame welding等离子焊 plasma welding硬钎焊 braze welding电渣焊 electroslag welding爆炸焊 explosive welding10.2 焊接形式 Type of Welding角焊 fillet welding间断焊 intermittent welding点焊 spot welding对焊 butt welding搭焊 lap welding塞焊 plug welding珠焊 bead welding槽焊 slot welding堆焊 build up welding垫板焊 backing weld坡口 grooveV形坡口 V groove单面U形坡口 single U grooveK形坡口 double bevel grooveX形坡口 double V groove双面U形坡口 double U grooveU-V组合坡口 combination U and V groove根部间隙 root gap焊接符号 symbol of weld错边量 alignment tolerance10.3 焊接位置 Welding Position仰焊 overhead welding现场焊 field weld (F.W.)封底焊 back run welding立焊 vertical welding平焊 flat welding工厂（车间）焊接 shop weld定位焊 tack weld跳焊 skip welding节距 pitch10.4 焊接缺陷 Defects of Welding焊接裂纹 weld crack根部裂纹 root crack微裂纹 micro crack错位 mismatch弧坑 pit; crater焊穿 burn through夹渣 slag inclusion咬边；咬肉 undercut焊瘤 overlap气孔 porosity, blow hole砂眼 blister针孔 pin hole严重飞溅 excessive spatter未溶合 incomplete fusion; lack of fusion根部未焊透 incomplete penetration10.5 其它母材；基层金属 base metal预热 preheating热影响区 heat affected zone (HAZ)焊条 welding electrode (rod)焊丝 welding wire焊药（剂） flux11 热处理 Heat Treatment11.1 普通热处理 Conventional Heat Treatment退火 annealing局部退火 spot annealing中间退火 process annealing球化退火 spheroids annealing等温退火 isothermal annealing极软退火 dead-soft annealing回水 tempering正火 normalizing淬火 quenching水淬火 water quenching油淬火 oil quenching等温淬火 isothermal quenching断续淬火 slack quenching高温淬火 hot quenching水冷淬火 cold quenching调质 quenching and temperingxx应力 stress relief时效处理 ageing treatment可淬性 hardenability过热敏感性 superheated susceptivity回火脆性 temper brittleness11.2 表面热处理 Surface Heat Treatment火焰表面淬火 flame surface quenching感应（高频）硬化 induction hardening渗碳 carbonization渗氮 nitridation渗铬 chromizing渗铝 aluminizing12 检验及试验12.1 检验 Inspection焊接检验 welding inspection无损检验 non-destructive testing (NDT)肉眼检验；外观检验 visual inspection着色渗透检验 dye penetrant inspection液体渗透检验 liquid penetrant test (PT)X射线照相 X-ray radiographyγ射线照相 gamma radiography射线检验 radiographic test (RT)涡流探伤 eddy current test (ET)超声波探伤 ultrasonic test (UT)磁粉探伤 magnetic particle test (MT)荧光渗透检验 fluorescent penetrant inspection12.2 试验 Test压力试验 pressure test水压试验 hydraulic test气压试验 pneumatic test气密试验 air tightness test泄漏试验 leak test卤气泄漏试验 halogen gas leak test盛水试验 full water test真空试验 vacuum test拉伸试验 tension test弯曲试验 bending test冲击试验 impact test硬度试验 hardness test疲劳试验 fatigue test压扁试验 flattening test扩口试验 flaring test金相试验 microscopic test腐蚀试验 corrosion test焊接工艺评定试验 welding procedure qualification test13 设计阶段及管理分析设计阶段 analytical engineering phase初步阶段 preliminary stage规划布置阶段 planning stage (phase)成品设计阶段 production design phase详细设计 detail design基础设计 basic design工作程序 working procedure界区条件 battery limit condition开工会议 kick-off meeting; launching meeting项目审核会 proiect review meeting项目进展情况报告 proiect status report (PSR)厂商协调会 vendor coordinative meeting (VCM)用户变更通知 client change notice (CCN)先期确认 advanced certified final (ACF)最终确认 certified final (CF)设计基础数据 basic engineering design data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计注释 design note工程规定 engineering specification设计规定汇总表 design specification summary sheet (DSSS)资料；文件 documentation附件 appendix技术说明 technical specification索引；目录 index工程手册；设计手册 engineering manual计算书 calculation sheet批准用于规划布置 approved for planning (AFP)批准用于设计 approved for design (AFD)批准用于施工 approved for construction (AFC)详细设计版 detail design issue (DDI)参考、基准 reference标准 standard (STD)标准图 standard drawing图 figure; drawing草图 sketch参考图 reference drawing工程图 engineering drawing竣工图 as built drawing说明 description待定 hold版次 issue修改 revision (REV)审核提纲 check list审定 approval校核 check制图 drawn标题栏 title block项目号 job No.图号 drawing number (DWG No.)会签 inter department check工时 man-hour (M/H)工日 man-day (M/D)人月 man-month (M/M)项目 project项目经理 project manager设计经理 design manager状态报告 status report安装 erection; installation建设 construction试车 commissioning; running-in开车 start-up运行中 on stream停车 shut-down大修 over haul模型 model部门 department专业；学科 discipline14 询价、报价及采购14.1 询价、报价询价 inquiry管道询价单 piping requisition sheet厂商报价 vendor quotation报价书 quotation报价 quoted price估价 estimated price估算 estimate投标 bid; tender评标 evaluation14.2 采购 Procurement; Purchase采购说明 purchase specification订货单；订购单 purchasing order采购说明汇总表 purchasing specification summary sheet (PSSS)请购 requisitioning交货单 delivery order (D/O)装箱单 packing list预制的 prefabricated备品备件 spare parts供应者 supplier制造者；制造厂 manufacturer; vendor顾客 client; customer承包商 contraction分包商 subcontractor业主 owner用户 user包装 packing。防锈包装 rust-proof packing防潮湿包装 moisture-proof packing防水包装 water-proof packing板条箱 crate木箱 wooden box超尺寸运输 over-dimension cargo (ODC)催货 expediting检验 inspection运输 transportation船上交货，离岸价格 free on board (FOB)敞车上交货 free on truck码头交货 ex wharf; expier 15 单位 Unit单位制 system of units米 meter (m)毫米 millimeter (mm)英尺 foot (ft)英寸 inch (in)弧度 radian (rad)度 degree (°)摄氏 Celsius (C)华氏 Fahrenheit (F)磅／平方英寸 pounds per square inch (psi)百万帕斯卡 million pascal (MPa)巴 bar千克（公斤） kilogram (kg)克 gram (g)牛顿 newton (N)吨 ton (t)千磅 kilopound (kip)平方米 square meter (m 2)方毫米 square millimeter (mm2 )立方米 cubic meter (m3 )升 liter; litre (L)转／分 revolutions per minute (rpm)百万分之一 parts per million (ppm)焦（耳） Joule (J)千瓦 kilowatt (kW)伏（特） volt (V)安（培） ampere (A)欧（姆） ohm (Ω)（小）时 hour (h)分 minute (min)秒 second (s)