原文：
摘要：本文介绍了水泵自灌式吸水的优点，对水泵不能实现自灌式吸水的建筑提出各种解决方法，并分析了它们的特点。 关键词：水泵 自灌式吸水 特点 当水泵从水池吸水时，如果采用自灌式吸水方式，可使吸水管内一直都充满水，水泵启动时，省去了灌水排气的时间，能迅速投入运转，提高了水泵启动的自动化和可靠程度。 常采用的自灌式吸水方式是使水泵轴线标高低于水池的工作水位高度。这种方法常用于有地下室的建筑，布置时，把水泵房设置在地下室，水池设置在地下室水泵房旁边或室外地下。这种吸水方式，水池的工作水位高于水泵轴线标高，使吸水管内一直都充满水，能保证水泵自动、迅速启动。 对于没有地下室的建筑，若采用上述自灌式吸水方式就有困难。因为这种建筑，水泵房一般布置在底层地面上，如果在底层水泵房旁边设置水池，特别是体积比较大的消防水池，它将占用大量的底层使用面积，建设单位一般不会同意。 在这种情况下，水池一般设置在建筑物的外部，埋在地面下。这样就导致水池的工作水位低于水泵轴线标高，水泵无法实现自灌式吸水，这时，可采用以下几种方式解决这一问题。 {dy}种方式为在水泵的吸水管末端安装吸水底阀。吸水底阀实际上是一种止回阀，它保证水流只能由水池进人吸水管而不能倒流，所以如果吸水管内充满水，尽管水泵轴线标高高于水池的工作水位，但由于有吸水底阀的作用，吸水管内的水不会流入水池，可使吸水管内一直都充满水，保证水泵能自动、迅速启动。这种吸水方式的可靠性受吸水底阀质量的影响，比如，关闭不严、漏水，吸水管内的水就会慢慢流人水池，时间长了，吸水管内就没有水，导致水泵启动时仍需人工灌水。可采用下面的吸水方式弥补这一不足之处。 第二种方式为采用其他水源补水。它是在{dy}种吸水方式的基础上，在水泵出水管止回阀的前面安装一管道，并把此管道连接到室外的市政给水管或其他外部水源，向水泵吸水管内供水，补充底阀漏掉的水，使吸水管内充满水。这种吸水方式的可靠性受室外水源的影响，在室外水源长时间停水的情况下，吸水管内的水有漏空的可能，因此水泵启动时就需人工灌水。 第三种方式是对第二种吸水方式进行改进，利用屋顶水箱向水泵吸水管内补水。这种方式不受室外水源停水的影响，可靠性高，适用于有屋顶水箱的建筑，对于没有屋顶水箱的建筑，也可以在水泵房内设置一个小水箱向水泵吸水管内补水。 第四种方式为设置泵前吸水罐。这种方式需要在水泵吸水管上设置一个吸水罐，水泵在{dy}次运行前，罐内应人工灌满水，{dy}次运行停止后，因为吸水罐的进水管高度高于管内水面高度，尽管水池内水面高度低于罐内水面的高度，罐内的水也不会倒流，进入水池，所以，吸水罐内能储存一定的水， 又因为吸水罐的出水管（即水泵的吸水管）高度低于管内水面高度，故能保证水泵的吸水管内充满水，以后水泵再运行时，水罐内的水被水泵抽走，罐内出现负压，水池中的水在大气压力的作用下补充到吸水罐内，通过吸水罐水池内的 水就不断进人水泵，被源源输出。这种吸水方式安全可靠性高，但需设置吸水罐，并且吸水管的容积越大吸水罐的体积也越大，不但使造价增加，同时也占用水泵房内一定的空间。 第五种方式为在水泵吸水管路上设置真空泵，水泵启动前，真空泵先启动，使水泵吸水管内先充满水，保证水泵自动、迅速启动。这种吸水方式需要有完善的自动控制系统以保证 真空泵先于水泵启动，并且造价也高，可靠性受自动控制系统的影响。 通过以上分析可见，自灌式吸水方式安全可靠程度高，当不能采用自灌式吸水方式时，应根据工程的实际情况选用水泵的吸水方式，做到既安全可靠又经济合理。

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译文：
Abstract: This article describes the type of pump irrigation water absorption from the advantages of self-filling type can not be achieved on the suction pump building all sorts of solutions, and analyzes their characteristics. Keywords: Pump-style self-absorption characteristics of irrigation When the pump suction from the pool, if the use of self-suction filling type approach, can suction tube has been filled with water, pump starts, eliminating the need for irrigation exhaust the time, can quickly put into operation, increased automation and reliable pump start degree. Self-filling type often used method is to pump water absorption axis of the work of elevation below the pool water level. This method commonly used in a basement of the building, layout of the time, the pump house set in the basement, pool set in the basement next to the pump house or outdoor underground. This absorption method, the pool elevation of the water level higher than the pump axis, so that suction tube has been filled with water, to ensure that the water pump, a prompt start. The basement of the building without the use of such self-absorption methods have difficulties in filling type. Because this construction, the general layout of the ground floor pump room on the ground, if the underlying pool pump house next to the set, especially the larger size of the fire pool, it will take up a lot of bottom floor area, the construction units generally will not agree. In this case, the pool usually set up outside the building, buried under the ground. This work led to the pool water level lower than the pump axis of elevation, shrub-type pumps can not achieve self-absorption, then, can be used several ways to solve this problem. The first way of the suction pipe in the pump suction end of the valve end of installation. Suction end of the valve is actually a check valve, which can only be guaranteed by the pool water into the suction tube can not turn the clock back, so if the suction pipe full of water, despite the elevation axis pump the water level above the pool work, but because of the end suction The role of valve, suction tube into the pool water will not enable the suction tube has been filled with water to ensure the pump can automatically and quickly start. This way the reliability of the water absorption by the absorbent quality of the end of valve, for example, close lax, leakage, suction tube will gradually shed the water pool, a long time, no water suction pipe, leading to still pump start need artificial irrigation. The following methods can be used to make up the absorbent shortcomings. The second approach is to use other water replenishment. It is the way in the first absorbent based on the check valve in the pump outlet pipe to install a pipe in front and to the pipe connected to the outside of the municipal water supply or other external sources of water supply pipes to pump water to supplement the bottom left out of the water valve to suction tube filled with water. The reliability of this method by absorbing the impact of outdoor water, water in the outdoors where long without water, tainted water suction tube may be empty, so when they need to manually start the pump irrigation. The third way is a second way to improve water absorption, use of roof water tanks supply water to the pump suction tube. In this way the influence from outside sources without water, high reliability, suitable for a rooftop water tank of the building, roof water tanks for no building can also be set in the pump room of a small water tank to supply water pump water pipe. The fourth way to set the pump suction tank before. This approach needs to pump water pipe set a suction tank, water pump before the first run, the tank should be manually filled with water, after the first run to stop, because water uptake into the tank water height above the pipe surface height, although the pool height within the water tank below the height of the water, the water tank will not be back into the pool, so the tank can store a water absorption of water and because water absorption tank outlet pipe (ie the pump suction pipe) a high degree of lower than the height of the water pipe, it can ensure the pump suction pipe filled with water, after the pump to run when the tank is pump away the water inside the tank appear vacuum, pool of water under pressure in the atmosphere added to the suction tank by absorbing water inside the tank pool Have continued into the water pump, was steady stream output. This means safe and reliable water absorption, but absorption can be set, and the greater the absorption capacity suction pipe the greater the volume of the tank, not only increase cost but also take up some space for water pump room. The fifth way to set the vacuum pump water pipeline, water pump before the start of the first vacuum pump starts to pump water pipe filled with water first to ensure that the water pump, a prompt start. This approach requires a sound absorbing the automatic control system to ensure Vacuum prior to pump start, and also the high cost, reliability of the automatic control system. Through the above analysis shows that, since the safe and reliable way of irrigation-type absorbent high degree of self-filling type can not be used when the suction method should be chosen according to the actual situation of project water pump water absorbing way to achieve safe, reliable, economical and reasonable.