原文：
摘要 提出一种通过测量泵的冲数来间接测量泵的出口流量的方法，具体介绍了利用转速传感器测量泵冲数的原理，给出了泵出口流量的计算式。 钻井用的往复式泥浆泵，俗称钻井的“心脏”，它的主要功能是向井下循环输送钻井泥浆，将钻井过程中钻头破碎的岩屑从井底携带出来并为井下动力动力钻具提供动力。泵的出口流量是影响钻井效率的一个重要参数，也是{zy}化钻井工艺中必须优选的参数，泵的出口出压力很高（一般在20—25MPa），且输送含砂量较高的泥浆，采用普通的流量计对其流量进行直接计量存在两个问题；一是高压密封问题，二是泥浆得沉积和堵塞问题。因此直接计量较为困难。 根据往复泵的工作原理，其在 单位时间内输送的液体体积（既泵的理论平均流量Q理）与泵的活塞截面积S ..活塞行程长度1，以及活塞每分种在缸套种往复的次数（称作泵的冲数或泵数）n有关。S和I是泵的结构参数，对于给定的泵是确定不变的量，因此，若能测量出泵的冲数n 。就可计算出泵的出口流量。 1. 泵冲数的测量 由于往复式泵的冲数与其驱动轴的转速成正比，因此可通过测量其驱动轴的转速换算出泵冲数， 1.1转速传感器的工作原理 泵驱动轴的转速采用霍尔转速传感器测量，图1和图2分别为霍尔转速传感器的结构原理和接线图。 传感器的定子上有2个互相垂直的饶组A和B，在绕组的中心线上粘有霍尔片Ha和Hb，转子为{yj}磁钢，霍尔元件Ha和Hb的激励电机分别与绕组A和B相连，它们的霍尔电极串联后作为传感器的输出。 下面推导传感器输出的霍尔电动势的表达式。 当永磁转子转动时，在转子和定子的气隙中变形成随时间按正弦规律变化的交便磁场，设穿过霍尔元件Ha的磁通密度Bh 为因为绕组A在空间上带后 Ha90º，故绕组A处的磁通密度Ba 为该交变磁场将在绕组 A中感应出交变电动势Ea由楞次定律而Ea在Ha中将产生交变激励电源； 由于霍尔元件H a本身也处于磁场中，其霍尔电极上将产生霍尔电动势；式中；L1为绕组A的电感；R1 为绕组A和霍尔元件Ha 组成的回路等效电阻；K1为霍尔元件的灵敏度，它是与霍尔元件的材料及结构有关的参数。 类似地，由于霍尔元件Hb 所出得空间位置超前Ha90º，而绕组B又超前Hb90º，同理可推出Hb产生的霍尔电动势Ehb为故传感器总的输出电动势为它与被测转速成正比。 1.2转速传感器的现场安装 为了用转速传感器测量出泵驱动轴的转速，可在泵驱动轴上装上皮带轮或链轮来驱动转速传感器的转子转动，这种安装方式既简便易行，又不影响泵的正常工作。 2. 泵出口流量的计算 测出泵的冲数n 后，既可根据往复泵的结构和作用方式计算其出口的理论平均流量Q理 。 对于单缸单作用泵，理论平均流量为：Q理 = Sln (m3/min )= Sln/60(m3/s )式中；S为泵的 活塞面积；l为活塞行程长度。 对于多缸单作用泵，设缸数位M，则其理论平均流量为Q理 = MSln (m3/min ) 对于多缸双作用泵，活塞往复一次，各液缸输送液体两次，体积为（2S-S' ）式中S'为活塞杆截面积，则M各缸的理论平均流量为Q理=M(2S-S')ln (m3/min ) 在实际测量中发现，往复式泥浆泵工作时，由于吸入阀和排除阀关闭的不及时，泵阀，活塞和其他蜜封出有高压液体陋失；泵缸中或液体内含有气体等原因，使泵的实际平均流量Q要低于理论平均流量，既：Q = aQ理a的大小视泵的工作情况，一般取0.85-0.95。 3. 结束语 本文提出的通过测量泵的冲数来间接测量泵的出口流量的方法，简单易行，避免了直接测量中传感器承受高压和液体腐蚀的问题，且拆装方便，易行维护，实际测量中发现，当泵的充满度不高或不恒定是，此法的测量误差将增大，因此，当对测量xx要求高时，则应考率采用其他非接触式测量方法。

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译文：
Abstract A red number by measuring the pump to the pump outlet flow indirect measurement method, described by Speed sensor principle the number of red pumps, pump outlet flow are given formula. Reciprocating drilling mud, drilling called the "heart", its main function is to transport to the underground drilling mud circulation, the broken drill bit during drilling cuttings from the bottom to bring out and to power the downhole drill motor . Pump outlet flow impact of drilling efficiency is an important parameter, is also the optimization process must be optimized drilling parameters, the pump exit pressure is high (generally in the 20-25MPa), and the higher slurry sand content delivery using normal flow meter for direct measurement of its two problems; first high pressure sealing problems, and second, mud was deposited, and jams. Therefore, direct measurement is difficult. According to the working principle of reciprocating pump, in unit time of liquid transport volume (both theoretical average flow Q pump Management) and the pump piston cross-sectional area S .. piston stroke length 1, and every minute in the cylinder piston reciprocating in kind number (called the pump or pump a few red numbers) n the. S and I are the structural parameters of the pump, for a given pump is to determine the amount of change, therefore, if we measure the number of red pumps n. Exports can be calculated pump flow. 1. Pump impulse measuring the number of As the number of reciprocating pump impulse is proportional to the speed of its drive shaft, it can measure the speed of conversion from the pump drive shaft red number 1.1 speed sensor works The speed of the pump drive shaft speed sensor with Hall measurements, Figures 1 and 2 are structural principle Hall speed sensor and wiring diagram. Stator sensors have two mutually perpendicular Rao group A and B, the center line in the winding stick with Hall probe Ha and Hb, a permanent magnet rotor, the Hall element incentive Ha and Hb A motor windings, respectively and B connected in series after their Hall electrode as a sensor output. The following derivation of the Hall sensor output electromotive force of expression. When the permanent magnet rotor rotates, the rotor and stator air gap formation in the change varies by sine law with time of delivery will be the magnetic field, located across the Hall element Ha of the magnetic flux density Bh is because the windings A band in space after the Ha90 º ;, so winding flux density Ba A Department for the alternating magnetic field in the windings A, induces an alternating emf Ea Ea by the Lenz's law and will be produced in Ha AC drive power; as H a Hall element itself also in the magnetic field, the Hall will create Hall emf electrode; the formula; L1 A for the winding inductance; R1 for the winding A and Hall element equivalent circuit composed of resistance Ha; K1 for the Hall element sensitivity It is the Hall element and the structure of the material parameters. Similarly, as a Hall element was the Hb spatial position ahead of Ha90 º, and winding B and Advanced Hb90 º, empathy can be introduced Hb generated emf Ehb Hall sensor as it is the total output voltage and measured its speed as proportional. 1.2 speed sensor on-site installation In order to use the speed sensor to measure the speed of the pump drive shaft can be installed on the pump drive shaft pulley or sprocket to drive the rotor rotation speed sensor, which means not only easy to install, without affecting the normal operation of the pump. 2. Pump outlet flow calculations Measured by the number of n, after the impulse pump, reciprocating pump according to both the structure and mode of action of the theory to calculate the average flow rate Q export management. For the single-cylinder single action pump, the average flow theory: Q Li = Sln (m3/min) = Sln/60 (m3 / s) the formula; S for the pump piston area; l is the length of the piston stroke. One role for the multi-cylinder pump, digital set-cylinder M, then the theoretical average flow Q Li = MSln (m3/min) For multi-cylinder double-acting pump, a reciprocating piston, the hydraulic cylinder transmission fluid twice the volume of (2S-S ') type of S' for the rod cross-sectional area, the M theory of the average flow rate of each cylinder reason for the Q = M (2S-S ') ln (m3/min) Found in the actual measurement, reciprocating mud pump working, as inhalation valve and remove valve is not closed in time, valve, piston seal, and other honey out of a high-pressure liquid humble loss; pump cylinder or a liquid containing gas and other reasons, the actual average flow rate the pump is lower than the theoretical average flow rate Q, both: Q = aQ management as a pump the size of the work, and generally the 0.85-0.95. 3. Conclusion The proposed number by measuring the red pump to pump outlet flow indirect measurement method is simple, to avoid the direct measurement of the sensor to withstand high pressure and liquid corrosion problems, and easy disassembly, easy maintenance, the actual measurement is found When the pump is not high or full constant is that this method of measurement error will increase, so when the measurement precision required is high, then taking the rate of use of other non-contact measurement method.