原文：
　 控制阀的发展与工业生产过程的发展密切相关。远古时期，人们为了调节河流或小溪的水流量，采用大石块或树干来阻止水的流动或改变水的流动方向。埃及和希腊文明发明了几种原始的阀门类型，用于农作物灌溉等。但是，普遍公认是古罗马人为了农作物灌溉而开发了相当复杂的水系统，采用旋塞阀和柱塞阀，并使用止逆阀防止水的逆流。文艺复兴时期，在艺术家和发明家达.芬奇(LeonardodaVinc)设计的沟渠、灌溉项目和其他大型水力系统项目中使用了阀门，他的许多技术方案现在仍实际存在。阀门工业的现代历史与工业革命并行，随着工业革命的深入，1705年，纽康曼(ThomasNewcomen)发明{dy}台工业蒸汽发动机，对蒸汽发动机的运行提出了控制要求，瓦特(JamesWatt)发明了{dy}台调节转速的控制器，其后，对流体流量的控制越来越被人们重视。最早的控制阀是1880年由WilliamFisher制造的泵调节器，这是一种带重锤的自力式控制阀，当阀后压力增大时，在重锤作用下，使控制阀开度减小，从而达到稳定压力的控制效果。 在20世纪20～30年代，控制阀以阀体形状为球形的球形阀(ballvalve)为主，其后，以V形缺口(V-notch)的单座(single—port)和双座(double-ported)控制阀(globevalve)问世。40年代相继出现适用于高压介质的角形控制阀(anglevalve)、用于腐蚀性介质的隔膜控制阀(barrierdiaphragmvalve)和用于大流量应用的蝶阀(butterflyvalve)等，并研制了阀门定位器(valvepositioner)等产品o1949年在德国Leverkusen成立了化学和石化工业的{dy}个专业协会——测量与控制标准协会NAMUR(NormenArbeitsgemein—schaftMeb-UndRegeltechnik)，并开展标准的制定工作。50~60年代出现了三通控制阀(three-wayvalve)，用于配比控制和旁路控制，也进一步展开对球阀的研究，出现了适用于大压差和降低噪声的套筒控制阀(cagevalve)。70年代套筒控制阀被广泛应用于工业生产过程的控制，研制的偏心旋转阀(eccentricplugvalve)成为角行程控制阀的佼佼者。偏心旋转阀具有良好的密封性、大的流通能力，可应用于较大压差场合。80年xx始，各种精小型控制阀诞生，它对控制阀执行机构进行的改革使控制阀的重量和高度下降，流通能力提高。90年xx始， 随着计算机控制装置的广泛应用，对智能控制阀的要求也越来越强烈，相继诞生各种智能电气阀门定位器和带智能阀门定位器的现场总线控制阀。2l世纪初，现场总线控制阀得到应用，随着控制功能的下移，对控制阀的要求也越来越高。 控制阀与工业生产过程控制的发展同步进行。为提高控制系统的控制品质，对组成控制系统各组成环节提出了更高要求。例如，对检测元件和变送器要求有更高的检测和变送xx度，要有更快的响应和更高的数据稳定性；对控制阀等执行器要求有更小的死区和摩擦，有更好的复现性和更短的响应时间，并能够提供补偿对象非线性的流量特性等。同时，由于工业生产过程的大型化和精细化，对控制阀等也提出了更高要求。

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译文：
Control valves and industrial development is closely related to the development of the production process. In ancient times, people to regulate the flow of water rivers or streams, using large rocks or tree trunks to block the flow of water or change water flow direction. Egyptian and Greek civilization invented several original valve type, used for crop irrigation. However, generally recognized as the Romans developed for crop irrigation and water system very complex, with plug and plunger valve, and use the check valve to prevent water reflux. Renaissance, artists and inventors in the up. Vinci (LeonardodaVinc) designed canals, irrigation projects and other large water system project in the use of valves, many of his technical program is still real. Valve industry and the industrial revolution in modern history in parallel, with the deepening of the industrial revolution, 1705, Niukang Man (ThomasNewcomen) invented the first industrial steam engines, steam engines run on the proposed control requirements, Watts (JamesWatt) invention the first adjustment speed controller, subsequently, the fluid flow control more and more people's attention. The first control valve is manufactured in 1880 by the WilliamFisher pump regulator, which is a kind of heavy hammer of Self-control valve, when the valve after the pressure is on, under the heavy hammer to control the valve opening decreases pressure so as to achieve stable control performance. In the 20th century, 20 to 30 years, the control valve to body shape as the spherical ball valve (ballvalve)-based, then, to V-shaped notch (V-notch) of the single-seat (single-port) and two-seater (double -ported) control valve (globevalve) come out. One after another for 40 years in the angular high pressure medium control valves (anglevalve), for corrosive media diaphragm control valve (barrierdiaphragmvalve) and for large flow applications, valve (butterflyvalve) and so on, and the development of a valve positioner ( valvepositioner) products o1949 Leverkusen in the German chemical and petrochemical industry established the first professional associations - Measurement and Control Standards Association NAMUR (NormenArbeitsgemein-schaftMeb-UndRegeltechnik), and conduct a standard setting. 50 to 60 years appeared Control Valve (three-wayvalve), for ratio control and bypass control, but also for further research on the ball, there has been applied to a large pressure difference and reduce the noise of the sleeve control valve (cagevalve). 70's sleeve valve is widely used in industrial process control, development of the eccentric rotary valve (eccentricplugvalve) become the leader in rotary control valves. Eccentric rotary valve has a good sealing, large flow capacity, pressure can be applied to larger places. 80's, the birth of a variety of fine small control valves, control valve actuator for its reform to make the weight and height control valves decreased ability to increase circulation. 90 years, with extensive use of computer control devices, the requirements of the smart control valves are increasingly strong, have the birth of a variety of intelligent electric valve positioner and the smart valve positioner with fieldbus control valve. 2l century, field bus control valves are applied, with control of the down, the control valves are increasingly high requirements. Control valves and the development of industrial process control simultaneously. To improve the control quality control system, control system on the composition of the constituent part of a higher requirement. For example, detection device and transmitter require a higher accuracy of detection and transmitter should have a faster response and higher data stability; on control valve actuators require a smaller dead zone and friction , has better reproducibility and shorter response time, and can provide compensation of nonlinear flow object characteristics. Meanwhile, due to large scale industrial production processes and refinement, the control valve, also put a higher demand.