原文：
　 阀门启闭件及阀门的通道形状使阀门具有一定的流量特性。在选择阀门时，必须考虑到这一点。 1. 接通和截断介质用阀门 通常选择流阻较小，通道为直通式的，阀门。 这类阀门有闸阀、截止阀、柱塞阀。向下闭合式阀门，由于通道曲折，流阻比其他阀门高，固较少选用。但是，在允许有较高流阻的场合，也可选用闭合式阀门。 2. 控制流量用的阀门 通常选折易于调节流量的阀门，如调节阀、节流阀、柱塞阀，因为它的阀座尺寸与启闭件的行程之间成王比例关系。旋转式如旋塞阀、球阀、蝶阀 和楔曲阀体式夹管阀、隔膜阀阀门也可用于节流控制，但通常仅在有限的阀门口径范围内适用。在多数情况下，人们通常改变截止阀的阀瓣形状后作节流用。应该指出，用改变闸阀或截止阀的开启高度来实现节流作用是极不合理的，因为管路中介质在节流状态下流速很高，密封面容易被冲刷、磨损，失去切断、密封作用。同理，用节流阀作为切断装置也是不合理的。 3. 换向分流用阀门 根据换向分流需要，这种阀可有三个或更多的通道，适宜选用旋塞阀和球阀。大部分换向分流用的阀门都选用这类阀门。在某种情况下，其他类型的阀门用两只或更多只适当地相互连接起来，也可作介质的换向分流。 4. 带有悬浮颗粒的介质用的阀门 如果介质带有悬浮颗粒，最适于采用其启闭件沿密封面的滑动带有擦拭作用的阀门，如平板闸阀。

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译文：
Valve fittings and valves open and close the channel shape of the valve has a certain flow characteristics. In the choice of valves must take this into account. 1. Cut off media access and use the valve Flow resistance is usually relatively small channel for the straight-through, and valves. Such valves are gate valve, globe valve, plunger valve. Closed down the valve, due to channel twists and turns, flow resistance higher than other valves, solid little choice. However, allowing a higher flow resistance of the occasion, also used closed-type valve. 2. Control the flow with the valve Usually easy to adjust the flow selection valve off, such as control valve, throttle valve, plunger valve, because of its size and the valve seat between open and close parts of the trip into a proportional relationship between the king. Rotating as plug, ball, butterfly, and wedge-type music folder control valve body, diaphragm valves can also be used for throttle control, but usually only within a limited range of application of the valve diameter. In most cases, people are changing the shape of cut-off valve disc made after cutting with. Should be noted that by changing a gate or globe valve opening height to achieve the savings function is very unreasonable, because the pipeline in the state of media flow in throttling a high sealed easily face erosion, wear, loss of cut, seal effect. Similarly, as the cutting device with a throttle valve is unreasonable. 3. For use of the shunt valve According to the streaming for the needs of this valve may have three or more channels, plug and ball valves suitable for use. Most of the change to the shunt valve is used with these valves. In some cases, other types of valves with two or more connected to each other only appropriate, but also can be used for the streaming media. 4. With suspended particles in the medium with the valve If the medium with suspended particles, the most suitable pieces with the opening and closing the sliding along the sealing surface of the valve with a polished effect, such as the flat valve.