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理念|国外的事故分级 如果不懂,真的就OUT了

EHS之家    2016/6/18  

事故分级在西方各个国家基本上都是相同的。尤其在欧美发达国家。在安全管理上中国要想跟世界有共同语言,那么事故分级就应该是xx要考虑先行一步接轨的。


我也看到,经常朋友们也在问,什么是急救工伤first aid? 什么是可记录工伤事故Recordable Injury?什么是医疗工伤Medically Treatment Injury?什么是损时工伤 Lost time injury/Lost wrok day case?什么是未遂事故Near Misses?什么是可记录工伤事故率TRIR要搞清楚这些概念,我们还是先看看美国获奖安全视频如何讲述事故的渐进过程的。



看完以上视频,大家是不是有了美国事故分级的基本概念?美国海因里希事故冰山理论里显示的事故分级包括死亡、可记录工伤事故、急救工伤事故和险兆事故(未遂事故),美国OSHA标准中工伤分级也差不多是一样的。为了更加形象地说明问题,看看这个事故分级金字塔。




下面就详细说说各种工伤事故分级的概念:

损时工伤/失时工伤:是可记录工伤这种是导致受伤者被医疗服务提供方建议休假的可记录伤害。你没有记录伤害或疾病发生的天数。雇员有没有记录没关系,我们记录。

Lost work days case or Lost Time Injury: These arerecordable injuries that result in the injured person being taken off work bythe medical provider. You do not count the day in which the injury or illnessoccurred. It does not matter if the employee is scheduled or not, we countcalendar days.

工作受限工伤:是可记录工伤。这种是导致受伤者被医疗服务提供方建议重返工作岗位,但是被禁止他/她履行常规工作职责,但可以做调整性或过渡性工作的限制的可记录工伤。

Restricted Work Injury:  Restricted work activity occurs when,as the result of a work-related injury or illness, an employer or health careprofessional keeps, or recommends keeping, an employee from doing the routine functionsof his or her job or from working the full workday that the employee would havebeen scheduled to work before the injury or illness

These are injuries that are recordableinjuries that result in the injured person being returned to work by themedical provider but with restrictions that prohibit him/her from doing theirnormal job duties but can do modified or transitional work.

医疗工伤/其他可记录工伤: 这种是最不严重的可记录工伤。这类伤害是除了急救之外,不会导致限制工作日或缺勤的xx。举个例子,一个员工的手指在医院缝了3针,然后被告知没有限制条件地重返工作岗位。例如,

Other Recordable :Theseare the least severe recordable injuries. This category are for treatmentbeyond first aid recordable injuries that do not result in restricted work daysor lost work days. An example would be an employee that was given 3 stitches inthe finger and then told to return to work with no restrictions.


 非可记录伤害事件:急救工伤

如果伤害只需要如下类型的xx,认定为非可记录伤害即急救工伤

·在非xx强度下使用非xxxx

·注射破伤风免疫接种

·清洁、冲洗或浸泡皮肤表面的伤口

·使用伤口覆盖物,如绷带、急救绷带、纱布片等,或者使用胶带或蝴蝶绷带

·使用热疗法或者冷疗法

·使用任何xx非刚性的支持手段,如弹性绷带、覆盖、非刚性的腰带,等等

·在运送事故受害人途中使用临时固定设备(夹板、索具、颈托或背板)

·挑破手指或脚趾上的水泡来缓解压力或排除液体;

·使用眼罩

·使用简单的冲洗或棉签xx嵌入或黏附在眼中的异物

·使用冲洗、镊子、棉签或其他简单的方法移除眼睛区域以外碎片或异物

·使用指套

·使用xx

·喝水缓解发热

Non Recordable Injury Incidents

First Aid:If theincident required only the following types of treatment, consider it first aid.

·   Using non-prescriptionmedications at non-prescription strength;

·   Administering tetanusimmunizations

·   Cleaning, flushing, or soakingwounds on the skin surface;

·    Using wound coverings, such asbandages, BandAids™, gauze pads, etc., or using SteriStrips™ or butterflybandages;

·  Using hot or cold therapy;

·  Using any totally non-rigidmeans of support, such as elastic bandages, wraps, non-rigid back belts, etc;

·  Using temporary immobilizationdevices while transporting anaccident victim (splints, slings, neck collars, orback boards);

·  Drilling a fingernail or toenailto relieve pressure, or draining fluids from blisters;

·  Using eye patches;

·  Using simple irrigation or acotton swab to remove foreign bodies not embedded in or adhered

·  Using irrigation, tweezers,cotton swab or other simple means to remove splinters or foreign material from areas otherthan the eye;

·  Using finger guards;

·  Using massages

·  Drinking fluids to relieve heatstress.

非可记录工伤里除了急救工伤以外,还有一种是叫做“只汇报工伤”。员工受伤后没有进行任何处理或者根本不需要任何处理。或者受伤者拒绝处理。

Report Only No Treatment: Use this classificationif an injury incident occurs that did not require any treatment, or treatmentis declined by the IP, and is reported only. These incidents may be capturedfor various reasons such as for improvement purposes, or in case the injuryworsens and a record of the initial incident is required


未遂事故是指未发生健康损害、人身伤亡、重大财产损失与环境破坏的事故。

Near Misses:

A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury,illness, or damage – but had the potential to do so. Only a fortunate break inthe chain of events prevented an injury, fatality or damage; in other words, amiss that was nonetheless very near. The phrase "near miss" shouldnot to be confused with the phrases "nearly a miss" or "theynearly missed" which would imply a collision. Synonymous phrases to"near miss" are "close call", or "nearly acollision".

可记录工伤事故率

美国OSHA标准中规定了可记录工伤事故率的计算方法。

假如以一年为一个时间周期,可记录工伤事故率就是这一年中发生的所有可记录工伤和职业病的总数,乘以20万工时再除以一年公司的所有员工的总工时。得出的就是可记录工伤率。20万工时是基于100个工人一天工作8小时,每周工作40小时,一年工作50周而计算的。


为什么要计算可记录工伤率?因为第一,你可以知道自己公司的安全业绩,第二,更可以知道你们公司在同行业中的安全业绩水平。从而,知道一个趋势,采取预防可记录工伤事故发生的措施。

Anincidence rate is the number of recordable injuries and illnesses occurringamong a given number offull-time workers (usually 100 fulltime workers) over a given period of time (usuallyone year). To evaluate your firm’s injury and illness experience over time orto compare your firm’sexperience with that of your industry as a whole, you need to compute yourincidence rate. Because a specific number of workers and a specific period oftime are involved, these rates can help you identify problems in your workplaceand/or progress you may have made in preventing work-related injuries andillnesses. How do you calculate an incidence。

200,000 =base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeksper year).

这是计算公式:



好,为了巩固知识,咱们一起做点题吧。
第一道题

1.2015320日,机加工车间3号机床的王师傅正在操作车床进行加工一个零件。当他看到被加工的零件上似乎沾染了什么东西时,他就用手去xx,结果手被车床的刀碰到,手指头被碰骨折。他被立即送往医院诊治,在医院住了几天院后返回工作岗位。

损时工伤

B 工作受限工伤

医疗工伤

急救工伤

未遂事故

第二道题

2.2015320日,机加工车间3号机床的王师傅正在操作车床进行加工一个零件。当他看到被加工的零件上似乎沾染了什么东西时,他就用手去xx,结果手被车床的刀碰到。他被立即送往医院诊治,在医院,手部被缝了3针,输xx液后返回到公司。但不能从事原岗位工作,被调离去当了车间安全巡视员。

损时工伤

B 工作受限工伤

医疗工伤

急救工伤

未遂事故

第三道题

3.2015320日,机加工车间3号机床的王师傅正在操作车床进行加工一个零件。当他看到被加工的零件上似乎沾染了什么东西时,他就用手去xx,结果手被车床的刀碰到。他被立即送往医院诊治,在医院,手部被缝了3针,输xx液后返回到公司继续从事原工作。

损时工伤

B 工作受限工伤

医疗工伤

急救工伤

未遂事故

第四道题

4.2015320日,机加工车间3号机床的王师傅正在操作车床进行加工一个零件。当他看到被加工的零件上似乎沾染了什么东西时,他就用手去xx,结果手被车床的刀碰到。他自己找到公司急救员,经过检查,发现只是轻微擦伤,简单用创可贴包扎后返回到工作岗位继续工作。

损时工伤

B 工作受限工伤

医疗工伤

急救工伤

来源:安全乐道、易小八整理!


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