一、安装make,cmake

sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install cmake

二、下载deb包

去这个连接（https://github.com/Nolaan/libopencv_24/releases）下载libopencv_2.4.10.deb.zip（笔者不太好下载，折腾了好久xx是用手机流量才下载下来，电脑一直下载到一大半就停止不动了）

三、安装deb包

解压.deb.zip，复制到RPi上，到那个目录里，然后执行

sudo dpkg -i ./libopencv_2.4.10.deb

四、复制头文件

下载OpenCV2.4.10 Windows版，在win下安装，得到/build,/source目录。复制/build/include/*到/usr/local/include

（假设/build/include/已经复制到RPi上的./目录了）

sudo cp -r ./* /usr/local/include

说明一下deb和头文件的关系：deb里头是一些.so（动态链接库），在链接时用到；头文件在编译时用到。缺一不可。

五、安装ffmpeg

可以先试试看不做这个步骤，反正我在安装之前一直莫名其妙地报错，说

/tmp/ccDC21Dx.o: In function `cv::Mat::~Mat()':a.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatD2Ev[_ZN2cv3MatD5Ev]+0x3c): undefined reference to `cv::fastFree(void*)'/tmp/ccDC21Dx.o: In function `cv::Mat::release()':a.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv[cv::Mat::release()]+0x58): undefined reference to `cv::Mat::deallocate()'

安装之后正常（不知道是不是这个原因）

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

六、新建测试工程源码

假设我们在目录./下做这个工程

1.新建a.cpp，内容如下：（主要是看看Mat能否正常初始化和析构，可以的话基本上就没问题了）

#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"using namespace cv;int main(){
    Mat img;    return 0;
}

2.新建CMakeLists.txt，内容如下：（这个文件名不可更改，用于cmake）

PROJECT(main)
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.6)
AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(. DIR_SRCS)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(main ${DIR_SRCS})
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_core)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_imgproc)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_video)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_highgui)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_photo)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_flann)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_superres)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_stitching)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_ml)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_video)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_features2d)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_calib3d)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main opencv_objdetect)

七、编译测试工程

1.编译

mkdir ./build
cd ./build
cmake ..make

如果没有错误，就会产生如下输出

pi@turtle ~/swap/proj $ mkdir build
pi@turtle ~/swap/proj $ cd ./build
pi@turtle ~/swap/proj/build $ cmake ..-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.6.3-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.6.3-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/pi/swap/proj/build
pi@turtle ~/swap/proj/build $ makeScanning dependencies of target main
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/main.dir/a.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable main
[100%] Built target main

2.运行

./main

应该如下：

pi@turtle ~/swap/proj/build $ ./main
pi@turtle ~/swap/proj/build $

对，确实没有输出，但是没有报错就是好事了，接下来就可以使用了！

八、（g++命令行）

g++ ./a.cpp -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_video -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_flann -lopencv_superres -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_ml -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_objdetect